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后置定语从句
后置定语是英语和汉语中不可或缺的重要语法内容之一,而英语后置定语在构成上比汉语后置定语要更加多样化,下面是小编整理的什么是英语的后置定语,欢迎阅读。
什么是英语的后置定语
定语的位置一般有两种:用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。例:This is a very interesting book. 这是一本很有趣的书。一般情况下,修饰名词或代词的词多放在被修饰词之前,但在以下几种情况下,修饰名词或代词的定语却放在它们之后,这种定语我们称之为后置定语。
英语后置定语的讲解
一、形容词作疑问词的后置定语
修饰疑问词what, which, who, whose, whom, when, where, why, how时,修饰语要后置。例如:
1)What important would you like to talk about?你将谈论什么重量的事情?
2)Who else will go with us?还有谁将和我们一起去?
3)Where new have they decided to visit?他们决定到哪些没有去过的地方参观?
二、形容词作复合不定代词的后置定语
当被修饰词为复合不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything; somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody; someone, anyone, everyone, no one时,修饰语常位于被修饰的不定代词之后。例如:
1)I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。
2)Do you have anything else to say about it?关于这件事,你还有什么要说的吗?
3)Someone important will give the students a lecture on the current international situation this afternoon.今天下午,一位重要的`人物将给学生们做一场有关当前国际形势的报告。
三、enough作后置定语
enough(a.)修饰名词时既可以在名词前,也可以在名词后。例如:
1)We have not enough time(or time enough)to do the job.我们没有足够的时间做该工作。
2)They have enough people(or people enough)to do the experiment.他们有足够多的人手做这个实验。
但enoush(odv.)修饰形容词或副词时,须位于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。例如:good enough (足够好的),large enough(够大的),fast enough(够快),well enough(相当好)。
四、部分副词作后置定语
above(上方的),below(下面的),on(活动,进行,上演),out(外出),back(后面的),away(离开的)等修饰名词时位于被修饰词之后。例如:
1)The clouds above began to get thicker,上方的云开始密集起来。
2)From the hill top we could see the plain below.从山顶上我们可以看到下面的*原。
3)She went to see them on the evening out.凡她晚上外出总去看他们。
五、介词短语作后置定语
the bird in the tree树上的那只小鸟
the map on the wall墙上的地图
the development of China*的发展
the standard of living生活水*
the south side of the Changjiang river长江*
the way to the hotel去旅馆的路
the life in the future未来的生活
六、动词不定式作后置定语
1.在某些名型结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。例如:
1)I have tons of letters to answer.我有很多信要回。
2)She needed someone to take care of her baby.她需要人照看她的婴儿。
3)They were the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.他们吃苦在前,享受在后。
4)He is a nice man to work with.他是个好相处的人。
5)There are a lot of things for us to be done.有许多事情要做。
6)There will be a very important person to come to our school this weekend.本周末有个重要人物来我们学校。
2.在某些名词后可用动词不定式作定语。例如:ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, drive, effort, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等等。例句:
1)Has he the ability to do the work?他有能力干这项工作吗?
2)I don't have the courage to tell you the secret.我没有勇气告诉你那个秘密。
3)You have no right to do such a thing!你没有做这样的事的权利!
4)I'll show you my determination to stop smoking.我将向你们表明我戒烟的决心。
3.动词不定式有时可以代替一个定语从句和后置定语。例如:
(1)Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come)we will meet again.也许在未来的岁月中我们还会再见面。
(2)In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked of her trip to America.在后来的讲座中,她谈到了她的美国之行。
(3)She made a list of things to be taken(= which/that will be taken)on the way.她开了一张要带在路上用的物品清单。
另外,动词不定式还可以和关系代词which连用作定语:
定语后置与定语从句
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词、名词,此外还有代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。以下是小编为您搜集整理提供到的定语后置与定语从句内容,希望对您有所帮助!
定语后置与定语从句
一.介词短语作后置定语,如the bird in the tree(树上的小鸟),the standard of living(生活水*),the way to the hotel(去旅馆的路),the life in the future(未来的生活)。
二.不定式短语作后置定语,用来修饰限定其前的名词或名词性短语。分为以下三类:
1. 在某些名词结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。
I have a lot of homework to do.
He is the first to finish the task.
There are a lot of things to do.
2. 在某些抽象名词后可用动词不定式作后置定语,具体说明抽象名词的内容。常见名词有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等。例句:
He has the ability to do the work.
I don’t have the courage to tell you the secret.
3. 动词不定式有时可替代一个定语从句,与其前修饰的名词是主动关系,在时态上含有将来的含义。例如:
Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again.
In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China.
三、分词短语作后置定语。这时一般可以改写为定语从句,现在分词作后置定语与修饰的名词是主动关系,过去分词作后置定语与修饰的名词是被动关系。例如,
S1:There is a lady waiting for you.=There is a lady who waits for you.
S2:What is the language spoken in China?=What is the language which is spoken in China?
S1中,lady和wait之间是主动关系,S2中,language与spoken之间是被动关系。
我们在写作时,为了让句子结构更为高级,或是达到句式多样的目的,常用分词短语作后置定语来代替定语从句。如在2012年的`考研英语作文中,我们在描图表示两个人对同样的半瓶水表现出不同的态度时,可以说:As is shown in the picture, there is a contrast between two men facing the same problem with half a bottle of water. 在这个英语句子中,我们用现在分词短语作men的后置定语,相当于定语从句who face the same problem with half a bottle of water. 再如,在表达一个人眉头紧缩,因为水撒了发出叹息,可以说:The one frowning in anxiety is sighing because the water is spoilt out of the bottle。此句中,现在分词短语作one的后置定语,相当于从句who frowns in anxiety。用现在分词短语代替从句可以使句式更简短,句型也更为高级,更加丰富,同时也显示出考生深厚的语*底。
后置定语和定语从句
英语是按照分布面积而言最流行的语言,但母语者数量是世界第三,仅次于汉语、西班牙语。下面是小编收集整理的后置定语和定语从句,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
一、后置定语
1)介词词组作后置定语
Bob has never touched money in the drawer.
鲍勃从未碰过抽屉里的钱。
The chip in the phone is the most important part.
手机中的芯片是最重要的部件。
The map of Shanghai is 100 years old.
那幅上海地图已经有100年历史了。
模仿造句:
1.汤姆从未碰过袋子里的金子。
2.那房间里的床是新的。
2)不定式(词组)作后置定语
I have ten books to read.
我有10本要读的书。
There is nothing to be done.
没有能做的事。
We planned a partyto be held in the open.
我们计划了一个在露天举行的晚会。
模仿造句:
1.他有2个要听的故事。
2.有1橦房子待建。
3)单个动名词作后置定语(较少)
I will tell you something exciting.
我要告诉你一件令人兴奋的事。
The dog barking is not a dog biting.
叫狗不咬人。
模仿造句:
1.他要给你一本有趣的书。
2.爱说大话的人不太靠谱。
4)动名词词组作后置定语
The bady moved towards the small dog lying on the floor.
婴儿爬向躺在地板上的小狗。
The girl running atthe head is my sister.
跑在前头的女孩是我的姐姐。
No one is responsible for the water flowing out in vain.
没有人对白白流走的水负责。
模仿造句:
1.小孩爬赂在沙发(sofa)上睡觉的小猫。
2.跑在第一排(row)的学生来自*。
二、定语从句
一、定语从句的引导词
1、一共有9个:who, whom , whose, that, which, when,where, why, as
与名词从句相比:定从不能由what和how引导;which的含义改变;定从内部的介词可以放引导词前。
2、引导词的功能有哪些?
(1)引导定语从句
(2)代替先行词在定语从句中充当一个成分。(先行词在从句中不再出现)
二、定语从句的关键
1、首先,要能判断出该从句是什么从句:
(1)放句首没有用逗号分开的,一般是主语从句,也有可能是状语从句,但从句结束后若有体现时态变化的动词,则一定是主语从句。
现在分词表示这个动作的发起者是它修饰的词;比如:the dog biting the thief,biting指的是那只狗在咬;过去分词应该是指被动关系,注意这种结构本身是没有完成的意思.比如:the castle captured by the British被英国人占领的城堡动词不定式表示要发生的事情.比如:the case to be judged要被判的案子如果要表示完成,直接用时间状语就可以,或者用having done.比如:the student having finished the homework已经做完了作业的学生注意这种结构是属于现在分词的;或者the castle captured in 1977在1977年被占领的城堡。
2.英语的定语后置句有哪些1、The student who answered the question was John.
2、The boy whom you are talking to is my brother.
3、People who take physical exercise live longer.
4、I still remember the day when my brother joined the army.
5、He changed his mind,which made me very angry.
6、I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
7、The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.
8、People in the world play basketball.
9、The city of New York is very large.
10、He looked at the street full of cars.
11、Italian is a Language very difficult to learn.
12、She has a garden much larger than yours.
13、The built a highway leading into the mountains.
14、We met a group of pupils returning from school.
15、What's the language spoken in that area?
后置定语从句例子
它在句中可以充当定语,对名词起修饰、描绘作用,还可以充当表语、宾语补足语等。形容词作定语修饰名词时,一般放在被修饰的名词之前,称作前置定语。但有时也可放在被修饰的名词之后,称作后置定语。下面是小编给大家整理的后置定语从句例子,希望能给你带来帮助!
(一)后置定语从句例子
It is he who received the letter that an nounced the deat hofhis uncle.是他接到了那封信,说他的叔叔去世了。(限制性定语从句,后置省略先行词)
他们正在为一个理想而努力,这个理想是每个*人所珍爱的,在过去,许多*人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。(限制性定语从句太长,按照汉语表达*惯,后置)
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the hear to fevery Chinese and for which,in the past,many Chinese have laid down their lives.
大概100人在周六的法庭接受审判。他们被控在六月份充满争议的总统选举后引起骚乱,威胁*。 结构分析:这句话的前半部分是主干。后面的是过去分词短语做后置定语,修饰people。thatfollowed……是定语从句,修饰unrest。
(二)后置定语的用法
用法1
当形容词修饰由every-、some-、any-、no-加body、one、thing等构成的复合不定代词时须后置。例如:
Have you ever met anyone famous ?
你曾经见过名人吗?
He did everything possible to help us .
他做了一切可能做的来帮助我们。
There is something wrong with the com*r .
这台电脑出毛病了。
注意:若something 前面有定冠词修饰,形容词不用后置。例如:There , on the table , was the mysterious something that they had been looking for . 看,在桌子上,正是他们一直孜孜以求的神秘的东西。
用法2
形容词组作定语须后置,其功能相当于一个定语从句。例如:
_________ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills .
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
答案为C,解释见后面。
They are the boyseasiest to teach .
他们是最容易教的孩子。(划线部分相当于who are easiest to teach)
The basketfull of some fruitsbelongs to the old woman .
盛满各种水果的这个篮子是这位老妇人的。(划线部分相当于which is full of some fruits )
Thosebrave enough to take the coursemust be the top students in the grade .
那些敢于选修这门课程的学生一定是本年级的尖子生。(划线部分相当于who are brave enough)
用法3
两个形容词用and 或or连接作定语,进一步说明被修饰名词的作用,此时须后置。例如:
Power stations ,large and small, have been set up all over the country .
大大小小的水电站已经在全国各地兴建起来了。
(划线部分相当于which are large and small)
Every book ,new or old, should be put in the room .
不论新书还是旧书都应该放在这个房间里。
(划线部分相当于which is new or old)
用法4
形容词else常位于不定代词或疑问代词后作定语。例如:
Anything else I can do for you ?
我能为你做些别的事情吗?
What else did they say ?
他们还说了些什么?
用法5
形容词比较等级结构修饰名词时须后置。例如:
The Smiths need a car garage twice larger than this one .
史密斯夫妇需要一个比这个大一倍的车库。
He has booked the seat farthest from the door on the train for us .
他已经为我们预定了火车上离车门最远的座位。
用法6
“基数词+表示时间或度量单位的名词+形容词”结构可用来修饰名词,起定语作用。此时,该类结构的词组须后置。例如;
后置定语写成定语从句
英语是按照分布面积而言最流行的语言,但母语者数量是世界第三,仅次于汉语、西班牙语。它是学*最广泛的第二语言,是*60个*国家的官方语言或官方语言之一。以下是小编帮大家整理的后置定语写成定语从句,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
英语的后置定语
定语的位置一般有两种:用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。例:This is a very interesting book. 这是一本很有趣的书。一般情况下,修饰名词或代词的词多放在被修饰词之前,但在以下几种情况下,修饰名词或代词的定语却放在它们之后,这种定语我们称之为后置定语。
英语后置定语的讲解
一、形容词作疑问词的后置定语
修饰疑问词what, which, who, whose, whom, when, where, why, how时,修饰语要后置。例如:
1)What important would you like to talk about?你将谈论什么重量的事情?
2)Who else will go with us?还有谁将和我们一起去?
3)Where new have they decided to visit?他们决定到哪些没有去过的地方参观?
二、形容词作复合不定代词的后置定语
当被修饰词为复合不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything; somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody; someone, anyone, everyone, no one时,修饰语常位于被修饰的不定代词之后。例如:
1)I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。
2)Do you have anything else to say about it?关于这件事,你还有什么要说的吗?
3)Someone important will give the students a lecture on the current international situation this afternoon.今天下午,一位重要的人物将给学生们做一场有关当前国际形势的报告。
三、enough作后置定语
enough(a.)修饰名词时既可以在名词前,也可以在名词后。例如:
1)We have not enough time(or time enough)to do the job.我们没有足够的时间做该工作。
2)They have enough people(or people enough)to do the experiment.他们有足够多的人手做这个实验。
但enoush(odv.)修饰形容词或副词时,须位于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。例如:good enough (足够好的),large enough(够大的),fast enough(够快),well enough(相当好)。
四、部分副词作后置定语
above(上方的),below(下面的),on(活动,进行,上演),out(外出),back(后面的),away(离开的)等修饰名词时位于被修饰词之后。例如:
1)The clouds above began to get thicker,上方的云开始密集起来。
2)From the hill top we could see the plain below.从山顶上我们可以看到下面的*原。
3)She went to see them on the evening out.凡她晚上外出总去看他们。
五、介词短语作后置定语
the bird in the tree树上的那只小鸟
the map on the wall墙上的'地图
the development of China*的发展
the standard of living生活水*
the south side of the Changjiang river长江*
the way to the hotel去旅馆的路
the life in the future未来的生活
六、动词不定式作后置定语
1.在某些名型结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。例如:
1)I have tons of letters to answer.我有很多信要回。
2)She needed someone to take care of her baby.她需要人照看她的婴儿。
3)They were the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.他们吃苦在前,享受在后。
4)He is a nice man to work with.他是个好相处的人。
5)There are a lot of things for us to be done.有许多事情要做。
6)There will be a very important person to come to our school this weekend.本周末有个重要人物来我们学校。
2.在某些名词后可用动词不定式作定语。例如:ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, drive, effort, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等等。例句:
1)Has he the ability to do the work?他有能力干这项工作吗?
2)I don't have the courage to tell you the secret.我没有勇气告诉你那个秘密。
3)You have no right to do such a thing!你没有做这样的事的权利!
4)I'll show you my determination to stop smoking.我将向你们表明我戒烟的决心。
3.动词不定式有时可以代替一个定语从句和后置定语。例如:
(1)Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come)we will meet again.也许在未来的岁月中我们还会再见面。
(2)In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked of her trip to America.在后来的讲座中,她谈到了她的美国之行。
(3)She made a list of things to be taken(= which/that will be taken)on the way.她开了一张要带在路上用的物品清单。
另外,动词不定式还可以和关系代词which连用作定语:
定语从句先行词是those
在定语从句中those为先行词时,关系词有指人指物的that,指物的which,指人的who。下面是小编整理的定语从句先行词是those相关内容,欢迎参考。
定语从句先行词是those
That(指物)和those(指人或物)可做定语从句的先行词,this和these不可做先行词,those做定语从句先行词时,当其指物关系词用that/which等,当其指人时,关系词用who等,具体示例如下:
He admired those who looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的人.(指人)
He admired those which looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的东西.(指物)
(错)He admired that who danced well.(that不能指人)
(对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人.(those可指人)
如何选择定语从句的引导词
一看指人还是物,二看介词在何处;
三看句中作何用,四看是否属特殊。
现将四句口诀分述如下:
“一看指人还是物”:指人时用who,whom;whose和that既可指人又可指物;which只能指物。that和which在句中作主语或宾语;在非正式文体中,作宾语的whom,which或that可省略。
【高考链接】
The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
答案:D。
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格处及后面部分为定语从句,先行词small houses为物,故用that引导定语从句,that在定语从句中作主语。
“二看介词在何处”:介词置于从句之首还是置于从句的其他地方,引导词的使用有区别。当介词置于从句之首时,若指人,介词之后只能用whom而不能用who和that;若指物,则只能用which而不能用that。
【经典例析】
试比较以下两句:
1. Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?
2. Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?
第一句中介词with置于定语从句之首,其后的whom不可以替换成who或that,也不能省略;第二句中的引导词whom作介词with的宾语,可替换为who或that,也可省略。
“三看句中作何用”:如何选用定语从句中的引导词,关键是要看引导词在从句中充当什么成分。若作主语,则在who,that或which之中选择;若作定语,则用whose;若作状语,则在when,where,why之中挑选。
【高考链接】
The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
答案:C。
解析:whose引导定语从句,且在从句中作定语,修饰story;whose story相当于the story of whom。
“四看是否属特殊”:定语从句中引导词的使用还要注意一些特殊情况,如who与that均可指人,which和that均可指物,但这些引导词在具体的语言环境中有区别,不能换用。
【经典例析】
1. This is the first time that I’ve been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years.
当先行词被序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that而不用which。
2. Those who are studying in our school can borrow five books at a time.
为避免重复,先行词为指人的that或those时,引导词用who而不用that。
3. Such magazines as you bought last time are well worth reading.
such ... as,the same ... as属于固定搭配。
最后,我们再用一则歌谣帮助大家巩固关系词在定语从句中的一般用法。
关系词,引定从,它们的用法各不同。
that可作主、宾用,指人指物它都行;
which 通常指物用,主语、宾语它也能;
who和whom指人用,分作主、宾要弄清;
whose一词它真行,修饰人、物都管用;
时间状语应用when,地点状语where行,
要问原因为什么,关系副词why最清;
as一词属特殊,常与such,the same连用,
修饰全句或部分,常常用作主或宾。
一、those who型
当代词 those 后接定语从句时,定语从句通常用关系代词who来引导。如:
when定语从句先行词
when定语从句先行词是怎么样的呢?我们不妨一起来参考下范文吧!希望对您有所帮助!以下是小编为您搜集整理提供到的when定语从句先行词内容,希望对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读参考学*!
when定语从句先行词
when作为定语从句的引导词时,表示时间,在从句中充当时间状语,后面需要加上完整的陈述语序。
句式如下:
表示时间的名词+when+完整陈述句+句子其它成分。
when引导的定语从句可以放在主语,宾语或者表语,甚至为名词的宾补之后。
例:
The nightwhen we took a stroll in the parkwas so cold.
咱们在公园散步的那个晚上好冷。
night 做主语,被定语从句when we took a stroll in the park 修饰。
I remember the nightwhen we took a stroll in the park.
我记得那个咱们一起在公园散步的夜晚。
night变成了宾语,被定语从句when we took a stroll in the park修饰。
What I can never forget is the nightwhen we took a stroll in the park.
我永不能忘记的是咱们一起在公园散步的那个夜晚。
night变成了表语,被定语从句when we took a stroll in the park修饰。
以上三组例句中,when后面所接的都是完整句,并且when 后的从句时态和主句一致。前提是when充当的从句的时间状语,相当于是at the night.
所以,以上三句,可以把when都改成at which。
写作必备when引导定语从句句式:
There was a time when...... 曾经...
There was a time when people were never bothered by pollution.
曾经人们不用为污染烦忧。
We all experience a day when......我们都经历过...
We all experience a day when everything goes wrong.
我们都经历过事事不顺心的一天。
we can never ignore the time when......我们绝不能忽视...
We can never ignore the time when com*rs penetrate our life and study.
我们不能忽视这个电脑渗透进我们的生活和学*的年代。
when引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示时间的`先行词, 在定语从句中充当时间状语。例如: I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。// Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临, 届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
when:当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时,它只能作定语从句的时间状语,放在定语从句句首.如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语,则要改用关系代词that或which来引导.例如:
The days when we used foreign oil are gone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了.
I'll never forget the day when I was born.(=I'll never forget my birthday.) 我永远不会忘记我出生的日子.
It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月.
In the years that (which) followed,Marx kept on studying English and using it.在这之后的几年中,马克思继续学*和使用英语.(that作定语从句"that followed"的主语)
The day (that) I always remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日.(that作定语从句"that I always remember in all my life"的宾语,that可以省略)
定语及定语从句
定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句*能多是做定语,以下是小编收集的定语及定语从句,仅供大家阅读参考!
一、定语:
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用的表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:
1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句
2、代替先行词
3、在定语从句中担当一个成分.
二、定语从句的有关概念
所谓定语从句,就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学*定语从句,首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。
先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念,它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时,定语从句通常是后置的`,所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
那什么是关系词呢?其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上,英语中的各类从句,不管性质如何,它们都需要有一个词来“引导”,正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样,人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字,叫它关系词,因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,以表明两者之间的修饰关系,同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
三、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系
为了更好地理解定语从句,我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前,我们先来看看关系词有哪些。
根据关系词在定语从句中的作用,我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等,英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。
类似地,关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句中充当状语等,英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个,即when, where和why。
许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊,关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单,简单得可以划一个等号。因为,关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词,它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解,下面我们来看几个例子吧。
I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。
这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词,who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句;在定语从句中,who是关系词,它在定语从句中用作主语,从意义上说,它在此所表示的意思与先行词the man等价,换句话说,上面这个句子与下面这个句子等价:I know the man. He lives next door. 我认识这个人,它就住在隔壁。
She will never forget the day when she got married. 她永远不会忘记她结婚的这一天。
句中的the day为先行词,when she got married为修饰the day的定语从句;在定语从句中,when是关系词,它在定语从句中用作状语,从意义上说,它在此与“介词+先行词”所表示的意思等价,也就是说上面的句子与下面这个句子等价:She will never forget the day. On that day she got married. 她永远不会忘记这一天,在这一天她结婚了。
例句:
1. This is an old com*r which hat works much slower.
2. They stayed with me for three weeks during which time they drunk all the wine I had.
3. The picture (that) we are looking at was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.
4. The picture at which we are looking was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.
5. I have many students to whom I am going to send postcards.
6. You’re the only one whose advice he might listen to.
7. I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
8. The explorer took only such men and things as he really needed into the jungle.
9. Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
10. Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.
11. Shakespeare is a famous writer ,as everyone knows.
12. As everyone knows ,Shakespeare is a famous writer.
13. Shakespeare ,as everyone knows ,is a famous writer.
14. Potato can be grown in places where(in which)it’s too cold to grow rice.
15. I shall never forget the days when(on which)we worked on the farm.
16. Can you tell me the reason why(for which) the car broke down.
17. The reason that the car broke down caused the accident.
18. He told me the way (thatin which)he solved the problem.
19. He told me how to solve the problem.
20. I have been to the places (thatwherein which)the Indians live.
定语从句引导词及用法
定语从句中会有引导词,那么定语从句引导词有哪一些呢?以及他们的用法又是什么呢?
1. 关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语,whose作定语。代人的有:who,whom,whose,that;代物的有:that,which,whose.例如:
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人,在定语从句中作主语)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略)
Im not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人,在定从中作表语)
A dictionary is a useful book which(=that) tells us the meaning of words(which或that代物,在定从中作主语)
2. 关系副词有:when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因),在定语从句中作状语。
例如:Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意:不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从,不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如:Well visit the factory which(=that) makes radios.
(which或that在定从中作主语,where不可用主语,故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语,when不可作宾语,故不可用)
定语从句引导词及用法
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用:
1、引导定语从句。
2、代替先行词。
3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
(六)判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
*惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的`成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案:
例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
后置定语的句子
形容词短语作后置定语
介词短语做后置定语
现在分词短语做后置定语
动名词短语做后置定语
形容词短语做后置定语
古诗词里定语后置的标志词
过去分词短语做后置定语
古诗词里定语后置的标志词语
介词短语后置
介宾短语后置句
介宾短语后置
介词短语后置句
定语前置的古诗词
分词短语作定语
名词短语作定语
定语在句子中的位置
介词短语作定语
古诗状语后置的例句
名词作定语的句子
形容词作定语的句子
动名词作定语的句子
介宾短语作定语
主谓短语作定语
古诗句中的状语前置或后置
定语前置的古诗文句子有
介词短语作定语例句
过去分词短语作定语
有定语的句子
分词短语做定语
袂的古诗
适合做昵称的古诗词雪
带有锦秀的古诗
辛苦耕耘的古诗词
关于天空和鸟的古诗词
风毛麟的古诗
关于春天的古诗词名言
高中语文新课标古诗文的变化
关于北戴河的古诗
描写春天借景抒情的古诗词
形容女子喝醉的古诗
古诗的六种记忆法
雨后水滴在树叶上的古诗
李清照描写夜色的古诗词
关于发现与探索的古诗
支付宝的古诗
关于元旦的古诗格式
孟浩然的古诗歌
最后峥字的古诗
关于常宁县的古诗词
初一上下册的古诗
沟壑的古诗
与深秋有关的古诗
描写四季美景的古诗5言诗
一些耐人寻味的古诗词
表达思念的古诗词大全
有关荷花的古诗图片
造父学驾车的古诗
古诗皇上看风景的
简单易懂的古诗
形容中国现在的古诗词