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英语学*最基础的就是词汇量的积累,大量的词汇积累是我们学*英语最重要的。小编为大家精心准备了with的用法,欢迎大家前来阅读。
with词义
1.和……一起;由……陪同;有……在场
Would you like to go to the theatre with us?
你愿意和我们一齐去剧院看戏吗?
The money is on the table with the shopping list.
钱和购物清单都在桌子上呢。
2.随着
With time passing by, they have grown into big boys and girls.
随着时光的流逝,他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。
The shadows lengtheded with the approach of sunset.
随着太阳下落,影子也逐渐伸长。
3.用(表示使用工具或器具)
It is easy to translate with a dictionary.
借助字典进行翻译就会很容易。
You can see it with a microscope.
用显微镜就能看见它了。
4.带有(能够作定语,也能够表伴随)
We need a person with a knowledge of European markets.
我们需要一个熟悉欧洲市场的人。
He looked at her with a hurt expression.
他带着受伤的神情看着她。
5.因为;由于
The small child trembled with fear.
这小孩吓得直打哆嗦。
It is very stuffy in the room, with all the windows closed.
由于窗户都关着,屋子里十分闷。
6.尽管
With all her faults he still loves her.
尽管她有那么多缺点,可他仍然爱着她。
7.用以表示方式、情景、环境或条件
I'll do it with pleasure.
我很高兴做这件事。
She fell asleep with the light on.
她开着灯睡着了。
辨析
1.and 和with
两者都有“和”的意思。and是连词,with是介词。当and连接两个主语时,谓语动词必须是复数;而with要看“真正主语”的单复数,也就是with前方的名词。如:
Tom and his mother often _________(go) shopping on weekends.
Tom with his mother often _________(go) shopping on weekends.
and连接两个主语,Tom和妈妈,两个人肯定是复数,所以要用动词原形go; with 要看前方的主语,是Tom一个人,所以要用单数goes
2.as和with
两者都有“因为”“随着”的意思。不管什么意思,两者的核心区别就在于:as要接从句;with只接短语
With our teacher ing, the class bee silent.
As our teacher es, the class bee silent.
with结构的构成
它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词能够是此刻分词,也能够是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下:
1. with或without-名词代词+形容词;
2. with或without-名词代词+副词;
3. with或without-名词代词+介词短语;
keep的用法
keep 是英语中用法灵活的动词之一,keep用作及物动词,意为“保管、存放、保存、留下”等。下面就其用法归纳如下下面小编带来的keep的用法。
一、用作系动词,意为“保持(某种状态)”,其后常接形容词作表语。如:
Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静!
After the accident, he still kept alive. 这次事故之后,他仍然活着。
二、用作实义动词,可表示:
1. 保管;保存;保留。如:
Keep the change. 零钱不用找了。
Please keep these things for me while I am away. 在我离开期间,请你替我保管这些东西。
2. 赡养;饲养。如:
Does he earn enough to keep himself and his family? 他的收入够养活他自己和他的家人吗?
I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 我在孩提时常常养羊。
3. 经营。如:
Her father kept a grocer's shop for a number of years. 她父亲开了几年杂货店。
4. 坚持;继续。后面如接动词,要用 V-ing 形式作宾语。如:
If you keep (on) practising your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress. 如果你坚持练*英语口语,你很快就会取得很大的进步。
5. 阻止;阻碍。常用于 keep sb/sth from doing sth 结构中,其中介词 from 不能省略。如:
The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match. 大雨没能阻止他们观看足球赛。
6. 保持。其后常接复合宾语,表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。
① keep + sb/sth + 介词。如:
If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.
如果你觉得手冷,就把它们放在口袋里。
② keep + sb/sth + 形容词。如:
These gloves will keep your hands warm.
这种手套保暖好。
③ keep +sb/sth + 副词。如:
The cold weather kept us indoors.
寒冷的天气使我们呆在家里。
④ keep + sb/sth + V-ing 形式,表示“让某人 / 某物一直……”,强调动作的持续性。如:
I'm sorry I've kept you waiting.
很抱歉,让你久等了。
⑤ keep + sb/sth + V-ed 形式,表示“让某人 / 某物一直被……”,宾语是 V-ed 形式,表示的动作的承受者。如:
She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.
她紧闭双眼,呆在原地未动。
7. 构成的其它动词短语有:
keep a record (保持记录), keep apart (把……分开), keep back one's tears (忍住眼泪), keep in touch (with) (保持与……的联系), keep out (of) (把……关在外面), keep up (保持;使……不能入睡), keep one's / an eye on (照管,密切注视), keep away (from) (离开;不接*;戒除), keep in mind (牢记), keep one's word (遵守诺言), keep pace/step with (跟上……的步伐), keep up with (与……同步;跟上)等。
keep的过去式
过去式:kept
adj.受人资助控制的;
v.(使)保持,(使)继续( keep的过去式和过去分词); (食品)保持新鲜;保有;保存
keep的`过去式kept的例句
1. A skeleton staff of 20 is being kept on.
留下了20名骨干人员。
2. The plane has been kept in service far longer than originally intended.
这架飞机已经超期服役很长时间了。
3. He kept encouraging Rosie to find a place of her own.
他不断鼓励罗茜为自己找个住处。
4. Mike kept snatching him up by the collar and jerking him up.
迈克一直揪着他的领子把他往上猛举。
5. The child kept her eyes fixed on the wall behind him.
这个小女孩眼睛一直紧盯着他身后的那堵墙。
keep的用法
“keep用作及物动词,意为“(暂时)保管、(暂时)存放、保存、保留”等,有时也可以表示“借”的意思。用作不及物动词时,意为“保持(食物等)不坏、保持着某种状态”等。”以下是小编精心整理的keep的用法,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。
keep的用法
1.keep+形容词(adj.)
2.keep+sth/sb+形容词(adj.)
3.keep +doing 一直做某事.
4.keep...from doing.... 阻止做某事....
5.keep a pet 饲养一个宠物.
6.How long may I keep this book ? keep指借.
keep的`用法小结
keep是高考常考词汇之一,其含义丰富,与其搭配的短语也很多,其主要用法如下:
A、用作及物动词
(1)保留、保存、保持、留下
e.g. Wed better keep a seat for him.
我们最好给他留个座位。
He kept all the money in the bank.
他把所有的钱都存入了银行。
(2)履行(诺言)遵守
e.g. One should keep ones promise.
一个人应当遵守自己的诺言。
Everybody must keep the law.
人人都必须守法。
(3)赡养,养活,饲养
e.g. He has a large family to keep.
他有一大家人要养活。
The old man kept many animals like dogs, pigs and cats.
这位老人养了许多动物,像狗、猪、还有猫等。
(4)经营,管理
e.g. He kept a hotel in this city.
在这座城市里,他开了一家旅店。
She is good at keeping house.
她擅长管理家务。
(5)保守(秘密),记(日记、帐)
e.g. All of the people keep the Spring Festival in our country.
我国所有的人都庆祝春节。
Some of them keep birthdays.
他们中有些人庆祝生日。
(7)使……处于某种状态(情况)
在这种情况下,keep常跟复合结构(keep+宾语+补语)。用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。
e.g. He kept me waiting for half an hour.
他让我等了半个小时。
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
少说话,多观察。
The doctor kept me in for a week.
医生一周没让我出去。
He always keeps his books in good order.
他总是把书放得整整齐齐。
B、用作不及物动词
(1)保持、继续(处于某种状态)(keep为连系动词)
e.g. Please keep quiet.
请保持安静。
for的用法
大家应该都是认识for吧,for是作为一个常见的英语介词,用法很多,了解它的用法,可以为自己学*英语提供了很多方便。下面是小编给大家带来的for的用法,以供大家参考,我们一起来看看吧!
for是个常用词,在英语中出现频率高、含义多、用法广,可以与许多名词、形容词和动词搭配。下面举例说明,希望对同学们学好、用准英语知识能够有所帮助。
一、用作介词。
1.表示目的,意为“为了”。例如:
Ann goes home for holidays every year with her parents.安每年与她父母一起回家度假。
此外,下列动词后跟双宾语,起间接关系作用的介词for均表目的。get/buy/make/draw/play(播放,上演)/save(节约)/find/fly/mend/take/do sb. sth.=get/buy/make/draw/play/end/take/do sth. for sb.
2.表示对象、用途,意为“对于,供,适合于”。例如:
Walking is good for health.散步有利于健康。
Here are books for children.这些是供儿童阅读的书籍。
3.表示目标、去向,意为“往,向”。例如:
I’ll leave for Shanghai.我要前往上海。
What time do you leave home for school?你何时离家上学?
4.表示等值或交换关系,意为“兑,换”。例如:
We can get two tickets for eight yuan.用八元钱,我们可以买两张票。
Don’t put the whole English sentence word for word into Chinese.不要把整个英语句子字对字地译成汉语。
5.表示愿望、爱好、特长等,意为“对于”。例如:
He hopes for the best.他抱着乐观的希望。
The children in China long(vi.渴望) for the Mid-Autumn Festival.*儿童盼望中秋节。
6.表示原因,意为“由于,因为”。例如:
Ann,thanks a lot for asking me to your birthday party.安,多谢你邀请我参加你的生日聚会。
We should thank our mother for doing so much for us.(前一个for表原因,后一个for表目的)我们应当感谢我们的母亲,她为我们做了那么多。
My classmates jumped for joy at the meeting.我的同学们在会上高兴地跳了起来。
7.表示时间、距离、数量,意为“长达……之久,计”。例如:
Hold on for a moment,please.[别挂]请稍等。
He has lived there for nine years.他在那里住了九年。
You can see nothing but trees for two miles.(www.fwsir.com)两英里之内,你只能看见树木。
8.与名词或代词连用,后接动词不定式,构成名词短语。其中介词for后面的名词或代词在逻辑上是不定式的主语。例如:
It’s time for Li lei to go to bed.李雷睡觉的时间到了。
It’s important for us to study English well.学好英语对我们很重要。
9.意为“代替,代表”。例如:
Our English teacher Mr. Wu was ill,so Miss Gao taught for him yesterday.我们的英语老师吴老师病了,所以高老师昨天替他代了课。
WTO is short for World Trade Organization.WTO是世界贸易组织的中文缩写。
10.意为“赞成,拥护”。例如:
Are you for or against?你是赞成还是反对?
How many of you are for the idea?你们多少人赞成这个意见?
11.意为“当做,作为”。例如:
We often mistake Lucy for Lily.我们时常把露西当做莉莉。
Most of the houses are used for the teachers’ offices now.这些房子现在多数用作教师的办公室了。
12.意为“至于,就……而言……”。例如:
He is tall for his age.就年龄而言,他算是高个子。
二、用作并列连词,表示因果关系,意为“因为”。
并列连词for引导的表示原因的从句不能用于句首,较because正式,用于正式文体中,但语气比because弱;回答why引导的问句时,应用because,而不能用for。例如:
You’d better put on your sweater,for it’s rather cold outside.你最好把毛衣穿上,外边相当冷。
I must be off now,for my sister is waiting for me.我得走了,因为我姐姐在等我。
三、用于某些成语,构成固定词组。例如:
1.for days(years) 连续多日(年)
2.for ever 永远
3.for long 长久
4.long for 渴望
5.care for 关怀,照顾
however的用法
英语单词的产生是汉英两种语言双向交流的产物,一些带有*特色的名称和概念进入了英语词汇,同时还有一些英语词汇进入了汉语,在文化环境中衍生出新的含义,形成了英语词汇的语义文化特征。以下是小编精心整理的however的.用法,欢迎大家分享。
however
[英][haev(r)][美][haev]
adv.然而; 可是; 无论如何; 不管到什么程度;
conj.不管怎样;
1、用作副词,注意以下用法:
(1) 表示让步,意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”,用来修饰形容词或副词,其词序为:however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能,用以引导一个让步状语从句。如:
However much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少,他永远吃不胖。
However cold it is, he always goes swimming. 不管天有多冷,他都去游泳。
However far it is, I intend to drive there tonight. 不管有多远,我今晚也要开车到那儿去。
这样用的 however 与 no matter how 大致同义。如:
No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat.
No matter how cold it is, he always goes swimming.
No matter how far it is, I intend to drive there tonight.
有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如:
Don’t laugh, however funny it may be. 无论多么有趣也不要笑。
I’ll try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 无论多么难,我也要按时完成。
另外,“however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”有时可以有所省略。如:
I refuse, however favourable the conditions. 不管条件如何有利,我都不干。(conditions后省去了are)
I’d rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 无论房间多么小,我宁愿一个人住一间,而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。
A grammar rule, however true (it is), is useless unless it can be understood. 一条语法规则,不管如何正确,除非能懂,否则毫无用处。
(2) 表示转折,尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时,表示转折,其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末,通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。如:
My father, however, did not agree. 但是,我父亲不同意
My room is small; however, it’s comfortable. 我的房间很小,但却很舒服。
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此,可是他错了。
注意,however不能像 but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子(注意正句中的标点符号)。如:
我们都已尽了最大的努力,不过我们还是输了。
误:We all tried our best, however we lost the game.
正:We all tried our best, but we lost the game.
正:We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
正:We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.
(3) 表示惊奇或强调,相当于how ever的用法,其意为“究竟怎样,到底以什么方式”。如:
However did you get here without a car? 没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?
However does he manage to write music when he is so deaf? 他聋成这个样子,究竟是怎样从事作曲的呢?
2、用作连词,引导方式状语从句,表示“无论以何种方式”“不管怎样”。如:
However it may be, I shall take your word. 无论如何,我将会相信你的话。
The painting looks wrong however you look at it. 这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。
However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days. 无论你怎么个走法,至少要两天时间。
suggest的用法
suggest,英语单词,是指建议,提议,暗示等意思,属于动词。下面是小编整理的suggest的用法,希望对大家有帮助。
suggest的用法(一)
一·
[sdest]
vt.
建议, 提议
They accepted the paper and suggested only one change.
他们接受了这篇论文, 只提出改动一个地方。
暗示
Her smile suggests her consent.
她的微笑意味着同意。
使想起
The sight of birds suggested a new idea for flying machines.
鸟的形象使人产生一个制造航空机的新主意。
suggest
来自拉丁语 suggerere “携带,提供”的过去分词 suggestus
二·
suggest
[sdest]
vt.
建议, 提出(意见、计划等)
暗示, 启发, 间接表明
使想起, 使联想到
It is suggested that ...
有人提议...
I suggest that ...
我觉得[认为]
He suggested going out for a walk.
他建议出去走走。
That girls sun-tanned face suggests excellent health .
那个姑娘被太阳晒黑了的脸表明她身体非常健康。
The thought of summer suggests swimming.
想到夏天, 就使人联想到游泳。
An idea suggested itself to me [to my mind].
我产生了一个念头。
*惯用语
suggest itself to
产生...念头; 浮现在...心中
suggest的用法(二)
动词suggest有如下一些用法:
一、 有"建议"的意思.advise, propose 也有此义,请比较它们用法的异同:
1) 都可接名词作宾语
She suggested / advised / proposed an early start. 她建议早一点出发。
We suggested / advised / proposed a visit to the museum the next day. 我们建议明天去参观博物馆。
2) 都可接动名词作宾语
I suggested / advised / proposed putting off the sports meet. 我建议将运动会延期。
They suggested / advised / proposed waiting until the proper time. 他们建议(我们)等到恰当的.时机才行动。
3) 都可接that 宾语从句,that从句用should+动词原形,should可以省略。
She suggested / advised / proposed that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday. 她建议班会不要在星期六举行。
suggest的用法
用法是汉语词汇,解释为使用的方式﹑方法。以下是小编带来的suggest的用法,希望对你有帮助。
1)Suggest+ 名词/代词或suggest+名词/代词to+人,但不能说suggest sb sth ,即不能加双宾做宾语
eg: We suggest him the plan (Χ)
We suggest the plan to him(√)
2)suggest+doing sth
e.g. (1)I suggested going home.
(2)The coach suggested having another match.
注意:suggest 不可以加不定式,所以上面的句子不可以这样写:
He suggested to go out for a walk.(Χ)
3)suggest +(that )+主语+(should) do+sth 其中的should 可以省略.(从句用虚拟语气)
eg: He suggested that you should go there tomorrow.
=He suggested you go there tomorrow.
注意,不可以这样说:He suggested you to go there tomorrow.也就是说suggest不可以加不定式的复合结构。
4)it is suggested that +主语+(should )do sth
e.g.: It is suggested that the work (should) be finished at once.
注意:suggestion做主语时,其后的表语从句也用这个结构即:
The suggestion is that +主语+should +do sth
eg: His suggestion is that I should leave for Beijing immediately.
5)suggest表示“提出(某种看法)”、“暗示”“表明”时,从句用真实(也就是陈述)语气。课文中的句子里的suggest就是作“提出(某种看法)”解释,因此用的是陈述语气,而不是虚拟语气。
e.g. His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
他的沉默暗示他同意我的决定。
suggest的用法及使用错点
错点一 误用不定式作宾语
要表示汉语的“建议做某事”,英语通常用 suggest doing sth,而不能用 suggest to do sth。如:
他建议坐飞机去,可我认为这样花费太大。
正:He suggested going by plane, but I thought it would cost too much.
误:He suggested to go by plane, but I thought it would cost too much.
汤姆建议把房子卖了,但是安表示反对。
正:Tom suggested selling the house but Ann was against it.
正:Tom suggested to sell the house but Ann was against it.
错点二 误接不定式的'复合结构作宾语
汉语通常说“建议某人做某事”,但英语*惯上不能说 suggest sb to do sth,而说suggest sb’s [sb]doing sth。也就是说,suggest 后不仅不接不定式,而且也不接不定式的复合结构。如:
他建议我们早点动身。
正:He suggested that we leave earlier.
误:He suggested us to leave earlier.
当然,我们也可以用后接 that 从句的形式来表达此意思(注意谓语用 “should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式)。如:
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。
He suggests that we should all go to see the film. 他建议我们都去看电影。
比较以下同义表达:
他建议他们在没有听到事实真相之前什么都别说。
正:He suggested (should) not saying anything till they heard the facts.
正:He suggested saying nothing about it till they heard the facts.
正:He suggested that they shouldn’t say anything till they heard the facts.
错点三 混用其后宾语从句的语气
suggest 后接宾语从句时,从谓语既可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,其区别与 suggest所表示的意思有关:
1. 若suggest 表示“建议”,则其后接的 that 从句谓语通常用“(should)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式。如:
I suggested that she should go home. 我建议她回家去。
She suggested that I (should) be the leader. 她提议由我来做领导人。
2. 若suggest 表示“暗示”“意指”“表明”等义,则其后接的 that 从句要用陈述语气。如:
What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。
GMAT语法《NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO…》的用法
“NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO…”是表示“不仅……而且……”的意思,那么他在句子中要怎么使用呢?下面是小编整理的关于NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO…的语法知识,欢迎阅读!
NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO…
看了GWD8-20, 以前的NN讨论的的太好了,可是藏的太深,很多人都看不见, 后来又看了好些的帖子,,收益良多.所以我把大家观点总结一下,
首先Not only…..but (also)表示的关系是递进, 其中also可以省略
But/but also表示的是转折. 在but also中, ring_cheng认为also不属于重复, 所以应当保留.该观点尚未证实.
not only ...but also表示并列,不能表示转折,不要有先入为主的感觉认为not only...but also必须一起出现。单独出现but also是可能的.,此时表示的是转折,参见大全74
All-terrain vehicles have allowed vacationers to reach many previously inaccessible areas, but they have also been blamed for causing hundreds of deaths, injury to thousands, and seriously damaging the nation’s recreational areas.
(A)deaths, injury to thousands, and seriously damaging
(B)deaths and injuring thousands, and serious damage to
(C)deaths, thousands who are injured, as well as seriously damaging
(D)deaths and thousands of injuries, as well as doing serious damage to (D)
(E)deaths, thousands are injured, and they do serious damage to
关于not only…but also.. 的用法,我根据前人的发言并结合GMAT的思路挑出了这几条:
1.在正常语序中: not only … but also 应连接两个相对称的并列成分。例如:
Not only Mr Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. (连接两个主语)
I not only play tennis but also practise shooting. (连接两个谓语动词)
He plays not only the piano but also the violin. (连接两个宾语)
在正常语序中: 短语本身不可以加入其它成份,比如变成:not only...but it also...是错误的(因为破坏了*衡)。
如大全中:
125.The winds that howl across the Great Plains not only blow away valuable topsoil, thereby reducing the potential crop yield of a tract of land, and also damage or destroy young plants.
(A)and also damage or destroy
(B)as well as damaging or destroying
(C)but they also cause damage or destroy
(D)but also damage or destroy(D)
(E)but also causing damage or destroying
Choice D, the best answer, correctly employs the correlative construction not only x but also y, where x and y are grammatically parallel and where both x and y (damage and destroy)ap* to young plants. Choices A, (not only... and also), B (not only... as well as), and C (not only... but they also)violate the not only... but also paradigm. Moreover, B contains terms (blow... damaging)that are not parallel. In C and E, damage is used not as a verb with young plants as its direct object but as a noun receiving the action of cause; consequently, these choices fail to state explicitly that the damage is done to young plants. E also violates parallelism (not only blow... but also causing)
2. not only … but also 连接两个主语时,谓语动词要和与其最*的主语保持人称和数的一致。例如:
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. / Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
3. not only … but also 不能用在否定句中。例如:
误: They don't fear not only hardship but also death.
正: They fear neither hardship nor death.
正: They don't fear either hardship or death.
4. not only … but also 连接两个分句,并且 not only 位于句首时,第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如:
Not only does the sun give us light, but also it gives us heat.
Not only did he speak English correctly, but he also speaks it fluently.
《新编英语语法》薄冰P633:Not only does he compose music, but he also play./ Not only does he have to type out the answer on a com*r, but he also gets the com*r to translate it into sounds.
《新编英语语法》章振邦1005:She was not only compelled to stay at home, but she was also forbidden to see her friends
英语语法大全上的例句是: Not only did they break into his office and steal his books, but they also tore up his manuscripts. 所以我个人认为在倒装的情况下,but also是可以被主语拆开的.
这里附上ring_cheng的观点:倒装时可以在短语中插入某类成分,如:not only did sb do sth, but sb also did sth (之所以前后都加入主语,不是为了连接主语,而是为了句子的对仗工整而补足主语,连接的其实是主语的两个不同的谓语动作。又因为not only在句首已经倒装过了,所以but also用正常语序即可。依然满足句子*衡的要求).如大全354中but also被主语+助动词拆开:
354.In 1978 a national study found that not only had many contractors licensed by a self-policing private guild failed to pass qualifying exams, they in addition falsified their references.
A. they in addition falsified their references
B. they had their references falsified in addition
C. but they had also falsified their references
D. they had also falsified their references(C)
E. but their references were falsified as well
在java中Synchronized的用法
synchronized关键字可以作为函数的修饰符,也可作为函数内的语句,也就是*时说的同步方法和同步语句块。如果再细的分类,synchronized可作用于instance变量、object reference(对象引用)、static函数和class literals(类名称字面常量)身上。下面是小编收集的在java中Synchronized的用法,希望能帮到你。
在进一步阐述之前,我们需要明确几点:
A.无论synchronized关键字加在方法上还是对象上,它取得的锁都是对象,而不是把一段代码或函数当作锁――而且同步方法很可能还会被其他线程的对象访问。
B.每个对象只有一个锁(lock)与之相关联。
C.实现同步是要很大的系统开销作为代价的,甚至可能造成死锁,所以尽量避免无谓的同步控制。
接着来讨论synchronized用到不同地方对代码产生的影响:
假设P1、P2是同一个类的不同对象,这个类中定义了以下几种情况的同步块或同步方法,P1、P2就都可以调用它们。
1. 把synchronized当作函数修饰符时,示例代码如下:
Public synchronized void methodAAA()
{
//….
}
这也就是同步方法,那这时synchronized锁定的是哪个对象呢?它锁定的是调用这个同步方法对象。也就是说,当一个对象P1在不同的线程中执行这个同步方法时,它们之间会形成互斥,达到同步的效果。但是这个对象所属的Class所产生的另一对象P2却可以任意调用这个被加了synchronized关键字的方法。
上边的示例代码等同于如下代码:
public void methodAAA()
{
synchronized (this) // (1)
{
//…..
}
}
(1)处的this指的是什么呢?它指的就是调用这个方法的对象,如P1。可见同步方法实质是将synchronized作用于object reference。――那个拿到了P1对象锁的线程,才可以调用P1的同步方法,而对P2而言,P1这个锁与它毫不相干,程序也可能在这种情形下摆脱同步机制的控制,造成数据混乱。
2.同步块,示例代码如下:
public void method3(SomeObject so)
{
synchronized(so)
{
//…..
}
}
这时,锁就是so这个对象,谁拿到这个锁谁就可以运行它所控制的.那段代码。当有一个明确的对象作为锁时,就可以这样写程序,但当没有明确的对象作为锁,只是想让一段代码同步时,可以创建一个特殊的instance变量(它得是一个对象)来充当锁:
class Foo implements Runnable
{
private byte[] lock = new byte[0]; // 特殊的instance变量
Public void methodA()
{
synchronized(lock) { //… }
}
//…..
}
注:零长度的byte数组对象创建起来将比任何对象都经济――查看编译后的字节码:生成零长度的byte[]对象只需3条操作码,而Object lock = new Object()则需要7行操作码。
3.将synchronized作用于static 函数,示例代码如下:
Class Foo
{
public synchronized static void methodAAA() // 同步的static 函数
{
//….
}
public void methodBBB()
{
that用法详解
想要学好考研英语怎么能不知道that的用法呢?下面就让小编为大家详解一下吧。欢迎阅读收藏。
that是英语中十分常见的单词,用法灵活多样,是英语中最常用的词汇之一。正因为它是我们认为自己最熟悉的单词,反而容易忽视它。在考研英语中,对that的考查包括三个方面:
(1)that作指示代词的用法;
(2)that作连词引导各类从句时,需要准确辨别从句类型。
一、that 作限定词或代词
that可以作限定词或代词连接名词或名词短语,也可单独使用,用以指代人或者物。此外,that不仅可以指代单独的人或物,还可以指代一句话。
例:Furthermore, in the early days of long line fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. [2006, text3]
分析:
A.分析句子结构。Furthermore, in the early days of long line fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks //after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, //because there are fewer sharks around now.
第一个句子的主句为a lot of fish were lost to sharks,介词短语in the early days of long line fishing作状语,after引导时间状语从句。第二个句子主句是That is no longer a problem, that为代词,because引导原因状语从句。
B.分析that指代。that指代第一句话,“a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked”,其中after引导时间状语从句。
C.译文:而且,在使用多钩长线捕鱼的初期,许多鱼被钩住后又被鲨鱼夺走。这不再是一个问题,因为附*的鲨鱼更少了。
二、that作副词表示程度,相当于so
例:It isn’t all that cold. 天没有那么冷。
三、that作连词引导各类从句
(1)that引导名词性从句
that后面连接一个完整的陈述句,可以位于主语、宾语、表语或同位语的位置,分别引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。此时,that没有实意,而且不在从句中做任何成分。that引导主语从句和同位语从句时不可以省略。
例1:That the plates are movingis now beyond dis*. (主语从句)
地球板块是在漂移的,这一事实毋庸置疑。
例2:The truth is that everyone should take care of orphan, not just the authorities.(表语从句)
事实是,所有人都应该照顾孤儿,而不仅仅是完全由*承担。
例3:All people believed that it was right to rescue the temple. (宾语从句)(注:that可以省略)
所有人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。
例4:The students expressed their hope that they could be admitted by that university.(同位语从句)
学生们表达了他们向被这所大学录取的愿望。
(2)that引导定语从句
that引导定语从句,在从句中充当主语、表语或者宾语,既可以指代人,也可以指代物。that在定语从句中作宾语时,引导词that可以省略。
例1:The professor that you admire most will visit our university next month.
你敬仰的那个教授下月会到我们学校参观。
例2:This is one of the subways that will be put into use in two years.
这是未来两年内将开通的地铁之一。
例3:I have nothing that is worth reading.
我没有什么值得一读的东西。
(注:当先行词中有不定代词、形容词最高级、序数词或者先行词被the only,the very等限定词修饰等情况下,定语从句引导词也只能用that。)
(3)that与其他单词结合引导状语从句
that可以和其他单词结构共同引导状语从句,例如such...that,so...that等引导结果状语从句,in order that,so that等引导目的状语从句,in that,now that,on the grounds that等引导原因状语从句,suppose/supposing/assume/assuming/provided/providing that,on condition that等引导条件状语从句等。
例1:She has made suchrapid progress thatbefore long she could pass the exam.
她进步很快,不久就能通过考试的。
例2:You should make full use of this opportunityso thatyou can get rich experience.
你应该充分利用这次机会,以便获得丰富的经验。
例3:Supposing thatyou were in my position, what would you do?
如果你在我的位置,你会怎么做?
例4:On condition thatyou were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible.
如果你在沙漠中迷路,你应该尽早寻求帮助。
(4)that引导强调句
“It is/was+被强调部分+that从句”是高频使用的一种强调句型,其中被强调部分可以作从句的主语、宾语和状语等。强调句中去掉“it is/was”和“that”后,句子成分和语义仍然完整。
例:It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again.
战争结束后爱因斯坦才能重新进行他的研究工作。
拓展阅读
关系代词that 的用法
keep的用法和短语
keep用法和短语
for语句的用法
之的古诗用法
if语句的用法
benefit的用法短语
call的用法及短语
while语句的用法
sql语句in的用法
switch语句的用法
stand的用法及短语
alter语句的用法
control用法短语
confirm的短语及用法
to在句子中的用法
古诗纸的用法
of在句子中的用法
expect的用法及短语
live的用法及短语
ifelse语句的用法
contact的短语及用法
practice的用法短语
THE在句子中的用法
effort的短语及用法
equip的用法及短语
break语句的用法
watch用法与短语
form用法及短语
famous的用法及短语
involve用法及短语
敏慧的古诗
古诗孤夜行的作者是谁
有哪几首诗是描写春天的古诗
搜索写月亮的古诗
搜一首古诗还有诗和他的图画
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送灵澈上人古诗背后的情节
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青松的古诗书法作品
玉楼春春恨的古诗视频
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春日偶成古诗的吟诵
带嘉的4字古诗词
马诗石灰吟竹石的古诗意思
失去了才觉得珍贵的古诗词
我终于失去了你的古诗
描写熊猫的古诗20首
描写芦花荡的古诗
上古诗歌产生的内容有哪几种
想念一个人的经典古诗
画画的方式来表达古诗