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定语从句翻译句子练*
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。下面小编为大家分享定语从句翻译句子练*,欢迎大家参考借鉴。
定语从句:当修饰名词的成分是一个句子,此句叫定语从句。
翻译下列句子:
1. 这是我昨天买的自行车. .
2. 他是我昨天遇见的男孩.
3. 你昨天给我买的书很有趣.
4. 这是我想要的钢笔.
5. 那是他正在照顾的小孩.
6. 正站在柜台后的女士是我妈妈.
7. 在桌子上的书是我的.
8. 这是我们买玩具的商店.
9. 这是帮助过我的男人.
10. 他是买这本书的男士.
将下列句子合二为一:
1. She is the girl. I served her yesterday.
2. This is the dress. She bought it last Monday.
3. She is in the woman. She looked for his son.
4. They are the man. They are working for the boss.
5. This is the com*r. The com*r cost me 5000 Yuan.
6. This is the house. I visited it last month.
7. He is the man. I spoke to you about him.
8. She is the student. I told you about her.
9. This is the ship. I traveled on it last year.
10. They are the people. They played in the garden.
单项选择 定语从句的用法
1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. who B. which C. who D. /
6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A. which B. that C. / D. it
7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
A. which B. in which C. that D. all
8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who
9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. this
10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.
A. whom B. who C. / D. he
13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.
A. who live next door B. which lives next door
C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door
14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.
A. which B. whom C. that D. who
15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.
A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there
定语后置与定语从句
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词、名词,此外还有代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。以下是小编为您搜集整理提供到的定语后置与定语从句内容,希望对您有所帮助!
定语后置与定语从句
一.介词短语作后置定语,如the bird in the tree(树上的小鸟),the standard of living(生活水*),the way to the hotel(去旅馆的路),the life in the future(未来的生活)。
二.不定式短语作后置定语,用来修饰限定其前的名词或名词性短语。分为以下三类:
1. 在某些名词结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。
I have a lot of homework to do.
He is the first to finish the task.
There are a lot of things to do.
2. 在某些抽象名词后可用动词不定式作后置定语,具体说明抽象名词的内容。常见名词有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等。例句:
He has the ability to do the work.
I don’t have the courage to tell you the secret.
3. 动词不定式有时可替代一个定语从句,与其前修饰的名词是主动关系,在时态上含有将来的含义。例如:
Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again.
In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China.
三、分词短语作后置定语。这时一般可以改写为定语从句,现在分词作后置定语与修饰的名词是主动关系,过去分词作后置定语与修饰的名词是被动关系。例如,
S1:There is a lady waiting for you.=There is a lady who waits for you.
S2:What is the language spoken in China?=What is the language which is spoken in China?
S1中,lady和wait之间是主动关系,S2中,language与spoken之间是被动关系。
我们在写作时,为了让句子结构更为高级,或是达到句式多样的目的,常用分词短语作后置定语来代替定语从句。如在2012年的`考研英语作文中,我们在描图表示两个人对同样的半瓶水表现出不同的态度时,可以说:As is shown in the picture, there is a contrast between two men facing the same problem with half a bottle of water. 在这个英语句子中,我们用现在分词短语作men的后置定语,相当于定语从句who face the same problem with half a bottle of water. 再如,在表达一个人眉头紧缩,因为水撒了发出叹息,可以说:The one frowning in anxiety is sighing because the water is spoilt out of the bottle。此句中,现在分词短语作one的后置定语,相当于从句who frowns in anxiety。用现在分词短语代替从句可以使句式更简短,句型也更为高级,更加丰富,同时也显示出考生深厚的语*底。
定语及定语从句
定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句*能多是做定语,以下是小编收集的定语及定语从句,仅供大家阅读参考!
一、定语:
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用的表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:
1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句
2、代替先行词
3、在定语从句中担当一个成分.
二、定语从句的有关概念
所谓定语从句,就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学*定语从句,首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。
先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念,它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时,定语从句通常是后置的`,所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
那什么是关系词呢?其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上,英语中的各类从句,不管性质如何,它们都需要有一个词来“引导”,正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样,人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字,叫它关系词,因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,以表明两者之间的修饰关系,同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
三、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系
为了更好地理解定语从句,我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前,我们先来看看关系词有哪些。
根据关系词在定语从句中的作用,我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等,英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。
类似地,关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句中充当状语等,英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个,即when, where和why。
许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊,关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单,简单得可以划一个等号。因为,关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词,它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解,下面我们来看几个例子吧。
I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。
这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词,who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句;在定语从句中,who是关系词,它在定语从句中用作主语,从意义上说,它在此所表示的意思与先行词the man等价,换句话说,上面这个句子与下面这个句子等价:I know the man. He lives next door. 我认识这个人,它就住在隔壁。
She will never forget the day when she got married. 她永远不会忘记她结婚的这一天。
句中的the day为先行词,when she got married为修饰the day的定语从句;在定语从句中,when是关系词,它在定语从句中用作状语,从意义上说,它在此与“介词+先行词”所表示的意思等价,也就是说上面的句子与下面这个句子等价:She will never forget the day. On that day she got married. 她永远不会忘记这一天,在这一天她结婚了。
例句:
1. This is an old com*r which hat works much slower.
2. They stayed with me for three weeks during which time they drunk all the wine I had.
3. The picture (that) we are looking at was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.
4. The picture at which we are looking was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.
5. I have many students to whom I am going to send postcards.
6. You’re the only one whose advice he might listen to.
7. I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
8. The explorer took only such men and things as he really needed into the jungle.
9. Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
10. Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.
11. Shakespeare is a famous writer ,as everyone knows.
12. As everyone knows ,Shakespeare is a famous writer.
13. Shakespeare ,as everyone knows ,is a famous writer.
14. Potato can be grown in places where(in which)it’s too cold to grow rice.
15. I shall never forget the days when(on which)we worked on the farm.
16. Can you tell me the reason why(for which) the car broke down.
17. The reason that the car broke down caused the accident.
18. He told me the way (thatin which)he solved the problem.
19. He told me how to solve the problem.
20. I have been to the places (thatwherein which)the Indians live.
which that 定语从句
英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后,系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。下面小编为大家带来which that 定语从句,希望大家喜欢!
首先,that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语,做宾语时可以省略。
在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that,which,还是whom。但是which能引导非限制性定语从句,that则不行。
其次,记得以下只能用that的几种情况:
1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。
如:We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有关此事,凡是你所知道的请告诉我。
2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。
如:You can take any seat that is free. 任何空着的座位你都可以坐。
There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。
3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如:When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人们谈论起*的城市的时候,我首先 想到的是北京。
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。
4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
如:The best that I could do was toapologize. 我唯一能做的就是赔礼道歉了。
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的`一本最有趣的故事书。
5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。
如: This is the very book that I'm looking for. 这正是我在找的书。
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意:先行词被the same修饰时,关系代词也可用as。
如:I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一样的书。
6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
如: They are talking of the*esand theirdeedsthat interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
7. 当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时。
如:Who that has ever worked together with him doesn't admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他?
Which is the star that is nearer to the earth? 哪个是离地球比较*的星星?
8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。
如:That's a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本对你很有帮助的书。
Our school is no longer the place that itusedto be. 我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。
9. 先行词为time时,当time表示次数,引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间,可用that或when引导,都可省略。
如:I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地记得当我第一次听到世界上最美的声音的时候。
I did't remember theexacttime (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。
最后,请注意以下几种只能使用which的情况:
1. 在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用which。
如: The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
This is thereferencebook of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意: 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that, 例如: This is the question which/that we've had so muchdiscussionabout. =This is the question about which we've had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
2. 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时, 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。
如:you shouldgraspwell those skills which may be used in the future work.
最后,记得这个特殊情况吧:当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时,可以用that引导定语从句,相当于介词+which,that可以省略。
如: She likes the child for the very reason that (=for which) she loves his father. 她喜欢那个孩子因为她爱着孩子的父亲。
He didn't like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. 他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。
Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. 很难想象,他开车开得那么快。
The reason (that /for which /why) he came here was to ask for our help.他来这里的原因是寻求我们的帮助。
one of 定语从句
one of结构作为定语从句先行词时看谁确定关系词,下面为大家带来one of 定语从句,以供参考!
one of +复数名词+定语从句的主谓一致
1.在 “one of +复数名词+定语从句” 结构中,定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应由它修饰的先行词的数来决定。如:
This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.这就是那次大火烧毁的房间之一。
2.在“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句” 结构中,定语从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。如:
Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band.玛丽是参加乐队伴奏的最年轻的姑娘。
关于 one of 等在定语从句中的用法 如何判断先行词
1)He was one of the students who were late this morning.
他是今早迟到的学生中的一个.
其中关系代词who代指先行词the students,句意为“很多学生今早迟到,而他只是其中之一而已”.
2)He was the only one of the students who was late this morning.
他是学生中今早唯一一个迟到的.
其中关系代词who代指先行词the only one,
one of 的定语从句
Jim is one of the boys __ from England
A.who are B.who is
此句答案为A 解析如下:
one of the boys 为先行词时,说明Jim与其他男孩是一样的,都来自于England,所以先行词中心词为boys,即答案选 A (who are)
如果the one of the boys为先行词,说明Jim与其他男孩不一样,他是唯一来自于England的男孩,则中心先行词为the one,即答案选B(who is)
定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火车站附*的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在与李明谈话的'老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用介词+which/whom结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
one of 的定语从句
定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句*能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句(英语:attributive clause),这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。下面是小编整理的one of 的定语从句,一起来看看吧。
one of 的定语从句:
“one of +复数名词+定语从句” 结构中的主谓一致
1.在 “one of +复数名词+定语从句” 结构中,定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应由它修饰的先行词的数来决定。如:
This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.这就是那次大火烧毁的房间之一。
2.在“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句” 结构中,定语从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。如:
Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band.玛丽是参加乐队伴奏的最年轻的姑娘。
of的其他用法
1.动词+of
a)动词+of。of意为“有关,由于”: beg of(sb.)请求某人,complain of抱怨,consist of由…构成, die of死于, dream of梦想, hear of听说, know of了解,speak of谈及, tell of讲到, think of想起, talk of论及。例如:
Never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give.从来没有人抱怨我们带来这么多麻烦。
Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen. 二氧化碳由碳、氧两种元素组成。
b)动词+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有“剥夺,有关”之意:accuse of控告(谴责,非难)某人, cheat of骗走, deprive of剥夺,inform of汇报, rob of抢走, remind of提醒, warn of警告。例如:
He has cheated me of my poverty. 他骗走了我的财产。
They are deprived of their rights as citizens.他们的公民权都被剥夺了。
c)动词+sth.+ of +sb.。介词of表动宾关系,后接动作的宾语
sb.:request of请求(某人做某事), require of要求得到。例如:
All I request of you is that you should come here early.我唯一的请求就是希望你早点来。
You have done all the law requires of you.你做的这一切都是法律对你的要求。
2. be +形容词+ of。of后接表对象或目标的词,这类短语有很多:
be aware of觉察, be ashamed of以…为耻, be afraid of担心,be bare of没有, be careful of小心, be clear of还清债务,be certain of确信, be composed of由…构成, be envious of嫉妒,be forgetful of健忘, be fond of喜欢, be free of免于;摆脱, be full of充满, be guilty of认罪, be hopeful of抱有希望,be informed of汇报, be impatient of对…无耐心, be jealous of嫉妒,be made of用…制成, be mindful of留意, be proud of以…为骄傲,be sick of烦于, be short of缺乏, be sure of确信, be tired of困于,be worthy of值得。
3.of+名词构成的词组:of age成年, of choice精选的',of course当然,of late最*,of name有名的,of oneself自动地,of purpose有意地,of use有用,of values有价值的。
deprive sb. of his right 剥夺某人的权力(人身自由)
denude sb. of his possession (hope) 掠夺他的财产(希望/土地)
divest the baby of his clothes 脱孩子的衣服
rid him of this fear; rob sb. of his wallet 使他摆脱恐惧;抢他的钱包
defraud sb. of gold ring 诈骗某人的金戒指
cure sb. of cancer; heal sb. of cancer 治愈某人的癌症疾病
purify the nation clean the jar of crust 清洗罐子的外壁
clarify the river of flowing rubbish 清除河
定语从句which与where
定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句*能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句(英语:attributive clause),这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。以下是小编整理的定语从句which与where,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
which引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语,宾语或是表语,分享了定语从句which与where用法。
一、关系副词与“介词+which”互换的情形
当“介词+ which”在定语从句中作时间、地点和原因状语时,可以用相应的关系副词when, where和why来替换。
1. when根据情况可以等于in which, at which, on which等。如:
The day when (=on which) she arrived was Thursday. 她到的那天是星期四。
July and August are the months when (=in which) the weather is hot. 七八月是天气很热的月份。——摘自《英语常用词多用途词典》(金盾出版社)
这种替换有时出现在非限制性定语从句中。如:
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when (=by then) the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点。——摘自《张道真英语语法》(商务印书馆)
2. where根据情况可以等于in which, at which, on which等。如:
This is the hotel where ( =in which / at which) they were staying. 这就是他们当时住的旅店。——摘自《英语常用词多用途词典》(金盾出版社)
Do you remember the place where (=at which) we had lunch? 你记得我们吃午饭的地方吗? ——摘自《英语用法指南》(外研社)
这种替换有时出现在非限制性定语从句中。如:
The Tower of London, where (=in which so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction. 在伦敦塔中曾有许多人丧命,它现在是旅游胜地。——摘自《朗文英语语法》(外研社)
3. 关系副词若要换成“介词+which”只能是for which。如:
The reason why (=for which) I came here was to be with my family. 我到这里来的原因是要跟我的家里人在一起。——摘自《英语用法指南》(外研社)
My success in business, the reason why (=for which) he dislikes me, has been due to hard work. 他为我在事业上的成功而不喜欢我,我的成功归功于我努力工作。——摘自《朗文英语语法》(外研社)
但是,反过来,for which并不一定能换成why。如:
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。(此句中的for which也不能换成why,理由同上句)——摘自《高中英语语法详解》(湖南大学出版社)
二、关系副词与“介词+which”不能互换的情形
1. 有些语境需要用特定的介词来明确其关系,此时若换成关系副词,则会导致意思不明确或句意不能通顺。如:
The ladder on which I was standing began to slip. 我脚下的梯子开始向下滑动。(句中的on which不能换成where,否则意思不明确)
This I did at nine o’clock, after which I sat reading the paper. 九点钟时我做这事,之后我坐着看报。(句中的after which不能换成when,否则意思不明确)
2. 当“介词+which”后面接有被which修饰的名词时,通常不能用关系副词代替。如:
The programme will continue until 1994 by which time $3million will have been spent.
这个项目将持续到1994年。到那时开支将达到300万美元。(句中的by which time不能换成when或where,因为which后跟有它所修饰的名词time)——摘自《限定词与数量词》(外文出版社)
We arrived at noon, by which time the demonstration was over. 我们是中午到的,这时游业已结束。(句中的by which time不能换成when或where,因为which后跟有它所修饰的名词time)——摘自《英语常用词多用途词典》(金盾出版社)
3. 当“介词+which”并不表示时间、地点或原因时,自然不能换成关系副词。
There are three principal routes by which one can drive to North Wales. 开车到北威尔士,有3条主要路线可走。(句中的by which不能换成when或where,因为这里的by which并不表示时间或地点,介词by在此表示“通过”)——摘自《英语常用词多用途词典》(金盾出版社)
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能长时间争论的`问题。(句中的about which不能换成when或where,因为这里的about which并不表示时间或地点,介词about在此表示“关于”,所涉及的搭配是argue about)——摘自《张道真英语语法
4、在表语从句和状语从句中不能互换
1.在表语从句中
Is this hotel ______ you said we were to stay in your letter?.
A. that B. where C. the one D. in which
此题可改为:This hotel is where you said we were to stay in your letter.实际上是由where引导的表语从句,答案为B项。
2.在状语从句中
We had better put the bottle of dleeping pills__kids can not find it in case they mistake the pills for candies.此句中“where”并非引导定语从句,而是引导地点状语从句,故不能用"in which".
若用"in which",那句子就变成了定语从句,
in which kids can not find...
= in the sleeping pill kids can not find...
句子就无法理解通了。
3.当定语从句带有不定式时,只能用prep.+which
如,I want a pen with which to write.
I live in a house in which to spend my rest life.
不能用 I live in a house where to spend my rest life.
1、Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, fromwhere he could see nothing but trees.下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。(引导定语从句)
划线部分相当于…, and from at the windows…不可变为from which…,直接用where不如用from where更具体。
2、She climbed up to the top of the hill,from where she could have a good view of the whole town.她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全城风光。(引导定语从句)
划线部分相当于…, and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of which…,不可变为from which,也可直接用where引导,但语义较为含糊,不如用from where更加生动、形象、具体。
3、We went up to the roof ,from where we had a good view of the procession.我们爬到屋顶,在那儿我们可以一览整个行进队伍。(引导定语从句)
such as引导定语从句
英语(英语:English)是一种西日耳曼语支,最早被中世纪的英国使用,并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。下面是小编为大家整理的such as引导定语从句,欢迎阅读与收藏。
先做一道题:
There was a look of fear in his eye, __________ people have when they are suddenly awakened.
A)much as B)such as
C)just as D)even as
【答案】 B
【题意】他流露出一种恐惧的眼神,就像人们突然惊醒的.时候的那种眼神。
【语法结构】such
句中的 such 是名词,即指代前面的 a look of fear。其后接 as 引导的定语从句加以修饰说明。表示举例,意为“诸如此类的”、“像……那样的”,用法同 such as 的举例,such as 后常接名词,也可接句子。
比较下列句子:
There are few poets such as Keats and Shelly. (such as 后接名词)
像济慈和雪莱这样的诗人现在很少了。
Don’t do anything silly such as marry him. (such as 后接句子)
不要做什么蠢事,比如说去嫁给他。
看更多例子:
1)Then I decided to leave, feeling a weight at my heart, such as I have never
had before.
然后我决定离开,心里感到一种以前从来没有过的心情。
2)We had hoped to give you a chance, such as nobody else ever had.
我们本来希望给你一次机会,一个别人从来没有过的机会。
3)He describes happenings such as I see around me.
他所描写的事情就象我看到在我周围所发生的。
4)I have no aspirations such as you im* to me.
我可没有你归罪于我的这些欲望。
such + as 引导的定语从句还可用作主语或宾语。 如 such 指代人,相当于 those who; 如 such 指代物,相当于 what 或 whateve, all/anything that 等。
1)Such as have knowledge and skill will not want to work. (相当于those who have knowledge and skill)
有知识和技能的人不愁没有工作。
2)Such as alter in a moment win no credit in a month. (相当于those who alter in a moment)
那些朝令夕改的人是不会获得人们长久信任的。
3)Associate with such as will improve your manner. (相当于those who will improve your manner)
要或那些能提高你礼貌修养的人交往。
4)Such as remains after tax will be yours when I die. (相当于what remains after tax)
我死以后全部财产除了税以外都给你。
5)You may choose such as you prefer. (相当于what you need)
你可挑选自己想要的东西。
6)I haven’t much many specimens but I will send you such as I have. (相当于 all that I have)
我有的标本不多,不过我愿把所有的标本送你。
关于where的定语从句
英语是一种西日耳曼语支,最早被中世纪的英国使用,并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。下面是小编为大家整理的关于where的定语从句,欢迎阅读与收藏。
where的定语从句
先行词表示具体地点的,并在在定语从句中做状语的(不做主语,表语和宾语),用where引导定语从句.例如:this is the house where i once lived.
先行词是表示抽象地点的如point,case,postion,condtion,activity,situation,job等,并作状语用where引导.
You reach a point where medicine can’t help.你已到了药物无法治疗的地步.
It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地.
She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作.
where 在定语从句还是状语从句的区别主要可以从以下三点来看:
一、where引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前面有表示地点的先行词,
where引导的从句修饰先行词.例如:
The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
We will start at the point where we left off.
二、where引导状语从句时,where是从属连词,where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,
where前面没有表示地点的先行词.例如:
Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang Rivermeet.
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.
I found my books where I had left them.
有时,where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义,可放在主句的前面,而where引导的定语从句则不能.例如:
Where there is a will,there is a way.〔谚语〕有志者事竟成.
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命.
三、在有些情况下,where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句.例如:
A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a
desert.(=A tall building was put up where there used to be a
desert.)在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼.
Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains
often.)温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长.
Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点
1. We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
2.He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
两道题都选where ,但是case, situation都不是地点,如何理解?
在“先行词不是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题是一个高频考点。就是说,关系副词where所指代的先行词不只是表示地点的名词。
用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where引导定语从句时,它的先行词就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。
请看以下几个例句:
1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.
请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的'爱超过彼此间的需要。
点评:这里where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one,也就是relationship (此处one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地点名词,但此处却用了where来引导,where在这里表示“在这样的感情关系下”。从定语从句的结构来看,定语从句不缺主语和宾语,引导词where在从句中充当的是状语。
2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low. 欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生:利益重大,而且欺诈行为被发现的可能性小。
点评:句中的先行词是situations,表示“情形,情况”,引导词依然用的是where,表示“在这种情况之下”。这里的定语从句也是不缺主语或宾语的,where在从句中充当的是状语。
3. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people
will have to accept more “unnatural food”.除非人类能够意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度——使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物,否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。
点评:这里的先行词是point,表示“某种程度,某种状况”,引导词where指代point,表示“在这种程度下”。这里定语从句也是不缺主语和宾语的,where在从句中充当的仍然是状语。
从上面三个例句中,我们可以发现以下两点:第一,即使先行词不是表示地点的词,定语从句也能够使用关系副词where来引导;第二,上面三个例句中,where分别指代relationship、situation和point,分别表示“在……关系中”“在……情况下”“达到……程度”,这些词虽然不是表示地点的名词,但在从句中表达的是“某个点或状态”的含义。我们可以把这类名词解释成“含有抽象地点意义的名词”,此类词也能用关系副词where来进行引导。
先行词不表示地点时,如何判断是否使用Where引导定语从句当先行词不是表示地点的名词时,该如何判断是否使用where引导定语从句呢?由上文给出的例句可知,含有抽象地点意义的名词能用关系副词where来引导,并且在每个例句的点评中都反复强调“定语从句不缺主语和宾语,where在从句中充当的是状语”。
由此,我们可以大胆地进行引申和归纳,提出“当先行词不表示地点时,使用where引导定语从句”的判断方法。首先,判断定语从句的结构:定语从句应该不缺少主语和宾语,而是缺少状语。其次,观察先行词:先行词是除了时间名词(在这种情况下会用when)和原因名词(在这种情况下会用why)以外的其他任何名词。第二个条件之所以成立,是因为定语从句中的状语成分一般就是由when、where和why等三个引导词来引导的。
为了更深刻地理解这种判断方法,请看以下几个例句:
4. English is a fixed-word-order language where each phrase has a fixed position. 英语是一种“词序固定”的语言,这种语言的特点就是每个短语都有固定的位置。
点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“each phrase has a fixed position”的结构:该从句并不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是fixed-word-order language, 它既不表示时间,也不表示原因。由此可知,此处用where来指代先行词,表示“在词序固定这样的语言中”。
定语从句that的用法
“定语从句,是指一类由关系词引导的从句,因为这类从句的句*能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句,这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分,所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。在英语中,定语从句主要通过关系代名词法构成。下面是小编整理的定语从句that的用法,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
(一)定语从句that的用法
that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。
一、that指代某物事时
1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如:
We'll do allthatwe can to protect the endangered plants and animals.
我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。
There is muchthatI wan to tell you.
我有很多想要告诉你的话。
Is there anythingthatI can do for you?
有什么我可以帮你的吗?
2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如:
You can borrow any bookthatyou want to read in our school library.
在我们图书馆,你可以借任何你想读的书。
3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:
This is the most beautiful citythatI've ever seen.
这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。
4.先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。如:
This is the very factorythatthey visited last summer holiday.
这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。
This is the only painting in this stylethatwe have.
这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。
5.先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如:
He talked happily of the writer and his booksthatinterested him.
6.先行词前有the same修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如:
This is the same pursethatI lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。
注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如:
This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.
这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。
7.先行词为数词时。
Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the twothatyou bought me for my birthday.
瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。
8.如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如:
They built a factory which produced thingsthathad never been seen.
他们建了一工厂,生产以前从未见过的东西。
9.以which作主语开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。
Which is the busthatyou will take?
你要乘的是哪一班车?
10.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如:
My hometown is no longer the placethatit used to be.
我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。
11.关系代词在there be句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如:
This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.
这是有史以来最快的列车。
二、that指代某人时。
1.泛指某人时。如:
He is a manthatis never at a loss.
他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。
2.主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复时。如:
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