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语文划分句子成分的详解
导语：语文划分句子成分的详解有哪些?以下是小编精心为大家整理的有关语文划分句子成分的详解，希望对大家有所帮助，欢迎阅读。
（1）什么是句子
句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。
句子成分的名称及符号
名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
符号：主语=谓语－ 宾语 ～定语 （ ） 状语[ ]补语< >
①句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。
补充成分是：定语、状语、补语。
②主语部分和谓语部分之间可用‖划开。
（2）如何划分句子成分
（1）划分句子成分，首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。
主语：是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。主语可分为名词性主语和动词性、形容词性主语。名词性主语由名词性词语充当，包括名词、数词、名词性的代词和名词性短语，多表示人或事物。
谓语：是陈述主语，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。
宾语：在动词后面，表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物，回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题。
句子一般有两种情况：写人、写物（写事、写物）。分析句子时，首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。
①写人格式：“谁”＋“干什么”
（主语）（谓语）（宾语）
例：杨亚‖写字
主 谓宾
注意：处理复杂的单句时，要抓主干。
例：一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。
主 谓 宾
②。写物
格式：“什么事”或“什么物”＋“怎么样”
（主语）（谓语、宾语）
例：猫‖捉鱼
主 谓宾
例：一只小猫‖在盆边捉了一条大鱼
主 谓 宾
注意：“是”为典型的动词，一般是“谓语”。
例如：他‖是学生
主 谓 宾
（3）划分句子成分，还要抓住枝干（定语、状语、补语）
定语：在句子中起着修饰、限制主语或宾语中心语的作用。
状语：修饰、限制谓语中心语，一般在谓语中心语前面，有的在句子最前面，交待时间、地点、范围、情况等。
补语：对谓语中心语起补充说明作用，一般放在谓语中心语之后。
例：画眉唱歌
这是一个把主语中心语、谓语中心语、宾语中心语单提出的句子。原句是“两只美丽的画眉高兴地唱一首歌。”
①（两只美丽的）画眉
“两只美丽”是“画眉”--主语中心语的修饰部分，叫“定语”。
②[高兴]地唱
谓语中心语“唱”前边的修饰、限制成分--“高兴”为“状语”。
③（一首）歌
宾语中心语“歌”前的修饰、限制部分--“一首”为“定语”。
④歌唱得＜好＞
修饰、限制谓语中心语“唱”，并放在它后面的部分--“好”为“补语”。
（1）笑‖是具有多重意义的语言。
主语（动词）谓语
句子成分歌诀
基本成分主谓宾，连带成分定状补。定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。
英语句子成分练*题
在学*、工作乃至生活中，大家一定都接触过一些使用较为普遍的.句子吧，根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。你还在找寻优秀经典的句子吗？下面是小编为大家收集的英语句子成分练*题，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾语(～)：
I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(～)：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、选择填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold
( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet
( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter
( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we
( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is
( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked
( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that B. when C. in which D. where
练*一：一、1、主语，定语;2、间接宾语;3、谓语，状语;4、定语;5、状语，状语;6、定语，表语;7、宾语，状语;8、谓语，主语;9、谓语;10、主语，表语;11、谓语，宾语;12、状语;13、形式宾语，真正宾语;14、宾语、定语;15、插入语，状语;16、宾语(间宾+直宾);17、状语，状语;18、形式主语，表语，宾补;19、宾补;20、表语
二、略 三、略
高中英语句子成分分析
在学*、工作乃至生活中，说到句子，大家肯定都不陌生吧，借助句子，我们可以更好地表达。什么样的句子才经典呢？以下是小编为大家整理的高中英语句子成分分析，欢迎大家分享。
英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋谓＋表）
基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型一
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
ＳＶ（不及物动词）
1.The sun │was shining.
2.The moon │rose.
3.The universe │remains.
4.We all │breathe, eat, and drink.
5.Who │cares?
6.What he said │does not matter.
7.They │talked for half an hour.
8.The pen │writes smoothly
1.太阳在照耀着。
2.月亮升起了。
3.宇宙长存。
4.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5.管它呢？
6.他所讲的没有什么关系。
7.他们谈了半个小时。
8.这支笔书写流利。
基本句型二
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
ＳＶ（是系动词）Ｐ
1.This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
2.The dinner │smells │good.
3.He │fell │in love.
4.Everything │looks │different.
5.He │is growing │tall and strong.
6.The trouble│is │that they are short of money.
7.Our well│has gone │dry.
8.His face│turned │red.
1.这是本英汉辞典。
2.午餐的气味很好。
3.他堕入了情网。
4.一切看来都不同了。
5.他长得又高又壮。
6.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7.我们的井干枯了。
8.他的.脸红了。
基本句型三
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
ＳＶ（及物动词）Ｏ
九年级英语词类与句子成分练*题
在**淡淡的日常中，大家都听说过或者使用过一些比较经典的句子吧，借助句子，我们可以更好地表达。那些被广泛运用的句子都是什么样子的呢？下面是小编整理的九年级英语词类与句子成分练*题，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
一.词类
能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类(parts of speech)。
英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下：
(一) 名词
名词(n = noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如：
foreigner外国人 soap肥皂 Newton牛顿 law法律 freedom自由 peace和*
英语名词可分为两大类：
1.普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：
teacher教师 market市场 rice大米 magazine杂志 sound 声音 production生产
2.专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须
大写。例如：Hemingway海明威 Russia俄罗斯 New York纽约 United Nations联合国
名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如：
shop→shop商店 bus→buses 公共汽车 library→libraries图书馆 toy→toys 玩具 leaf→leaves树叶
英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如：man→men男人 tooth→teeth牙齿 datum→data数据
有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅以前资料。
(二) 冠词
冠词(art = article)放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。
不定冠词为a/an，用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前，an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如：
a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会 a double room一个双人间 a useful book 一本有用的书an exhibition一次展览
an honest man一个诚实的人
定冠词只有一个，即the，表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前，也可用于不可数名词前。例如：the TV programs 那些电视节目 the house那座房子 the Olympic Games奥运会
(三)代词
代词(pro = pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括：
1.人称代词，如：I, you, they, it等;
2.物主代词，如：my, his, their, our, mine, hers等;
3.反身代词，如：myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等;
4.相互代词，如：each other, one another等;
5.指示代词，如：this, that, these, those, such, same等;
6.疑问代词，如：who, whom, whose, which, what等;
7.关系代词，如：who, whom, whose, which, that等;
8.不定代词，如：some, any, no, all, one, every, many, a little, someone, anything等;
(四)数词
数词(num = numeral)是表示“数量”和“顺序”的词。
前者称为基数词，例如：one(一)，twenty (二十)，thirty-five(三十五)，one hundred and ninety-five(一百九十五)等;
后者称为序数词，例如：first(第一)，twentieth(第二十)，fifty-first(第五十一等。
(五)形容词
形容词(adj = adjective)是用来修饰名词，表示名词属性的词。例如：yellow(黄色的)，wonderful(惊人的)，strong(强大的)。
形容词一般放在它所修饰的名词之前，例如：busy streets(繁华的街道)，public relations(公共关系)，young men(年轻人)等。
形容词的比较等级可分为三种，既原级、比较级和最高级。原级，既未变化的形容词原形，例如：great, big, difficult等;比较级，既形容词+后缀-er或more+形容词，例如：greater, bigger, more difficult等;最高级，既形容词+后缀-est或most+形容词，例如：greatest, biggest, most difficult等。
(六)副词
副词(adv =adverb)可分为四种，包括：
(1)
1.普通副词，例如：together(一起)，well(好)，carefully(仔细地)等;
2.疑问副词，例如：when(何时)，where(何地)，how(如何)，why(为什么)等;
3.连接副词，例如：therefor(因此)，then(然后)，however(然而)，otherwise(否则)等;
4.关系副词，例如：where, when, why等。
副词的比较等级的构成和形容词一样。
(七)动词
动词(v = verb)是表示动作或状态的词，例如：sign(签字)，support(支持)，have(有)，exist(存在)等。
划分句子成分
导语：句子成分“主要有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语、定语、主语补足语、宾语补足语。基本的句子结构有：主语+谓语、主语+谓语+宾语、主语+系动词+表语等，其中主语是句子中动作或者状态的发出者，一般是由名词、代词等充当。”下面是聘才小编为大家整理的划分句子成分，欢迎大家来阅读。
1.什么是句子
句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。
2.句子成分的名称及符号
名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
符号：主语 = 谓语 - 宾语 ～
定语 ( ) 状语 [ ] 补语 < >
①句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。
补充成分是：定 语、状语、补语。
② 主语部分和谓语部分之间可用‖划开。
3.(1)划分句子成分，首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。
主语：是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。
谓语：是陈述主语，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。
宾语：在动词后面，表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物，回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题。
句子一般有两种情况：写人、写物(写事、写物)。分析句子时，首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。
①.写人 格式：“谁” + “干 什么”
(主语) (谓语)( 宾语)
例： 杨亚 ‖ 写 字
主 谓 宾
注意：处理复杂的单句时，要抓主干。
例：一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。
主 谓 宾
②.写物
格式：“什么事”或“什么物”+“怎么样”
( 主 语 ) (谓语、宾语)
例： 猫 ‖捉 鱼
主 谓 宾
例：一只小猫‖在盆边捉了一条大鱼
主 谓 宾
注意：“是”为典型的动词，一般是“谓语”。
例如： 他 ‖ 是学生
主 谓 宾
(2).划分句子成分，还要抓住枝干(定语、状语、补语)
定语：在句子中起着修饰、限制主语或宾语中心语的作用。
状语：修饰、限制谓语中心语，一般在谓语中心语前面，有的在句子最前面，交待时间、地点、范围、情况等。
补语：对谓语中心语起补充说明作用，一般放在谓语中心语之后。
例： 画眉 唱 歌
这是一个把主语中心语、谓语中心语、宾语中心语单提出的句子。原句是 “两只美丽的画眉高兴地唱一首歌。”
①.(两只美丽的)画眉
“两只美丽”是 “画眉”——主语中心语的修饰部分，叫“定语”。
②.[高兴]地唱
谓语中心语“唱”前边的修饰、限制成分——“高兴”为“状语”。
③.(一首)歌
宾语中心语“歌”前的修饰、限制部分——“一首”为“定语”。
④.歌唱得<好>
修饰、限制谓语中心语“唱”，并放在它后面的部分——“好”为“补语”。
4.划分句子的口诀：
(1)句子成分要划对，(2)纵观全局找主谓。
(3)主前定状谓后补， (4)谓前只有状地位。
(5)“的”定“地”状“得”后补，(6)宾语只受谓支配。
小学语文句子成分
句子的组成成分叫句子成分，也叫句法成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。以下是小编整理的小学语文句子成分，欢迎大家参考！
①主语
主语是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，如：
（1）*人民志气高。
（2）提高整个中华民族的科学文化水*是亿万人民群众的切身事业。
②谓语
谓语是陈述主语的，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，如：
（1）满天乌云顿时消散了。
（2）树叶黄了。
（3）小王十六岁。
（4）鲁迅是*现代文学的奠基人。
（5）明天星期日。
（6）什么书他都看。
③宾语
宾语在动词后面，表示动作、行为涉及的人或事物，回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题，如：
（1）什么叫信息？
（2）门口围着一群看热闹的。
（3）马克思认为知识是进行斗争和为无产阶级**事业服务的手段。
④定语
定语是名词或代词前面的连带成分，用来修饰限制名词或代词，表示人或事物性质、状态、数量、所属等，如：
（1）（那沉甸甸的）稻谷，象（一垄垄金黄的）珍珠。
（2）（三杯）（美）酒敬（亲）人。
（3）雪野中有（血红的）（宝）珠（山）茶，（白中隐青的单瓣）梅花。
（4）（*的）历史有（自己的）特点。
⑤状语
状语是动词或形容词前面的连带成分，用来修饰、限制动词或形容词，表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等，如：
（1）他[已经]走了。
（2）咱们[北京]见。
（3）歌声[把王老师]带入深沉的回忆。
（4）科学[终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量]战胜了神权。
副词、形容词经常作状语，表时间、处所的名词经常作状语，一般名词不作状语。动词中除助动词外，一般动词很少作状语，介词短语常作状语。一般状语紧连在中心词的'前边，但表时间、处所、目的的名词或介词短语作状语时，可以放在主语的前边，如：[在杭州]我们游览[了]西湖胜景。
⑥补语
补语是动词或形容词后面的连带成分，一般用来补充说明动作、行为的情况、结果、程度、趋向、时间、处所、数量、形状等，如：
（1）广大人民干得<热火朝天>。
（2）他写的字比原来不是好<一点>，而是好得<多>。
（3）他生<于1918年>。
（4）他坐<在桌子旁>。
（5）颜色是那么浓，浓得<好像要流下来似的>。
⑦独立成分
在句子中不与其他成分（主、谓、宾、定、状、补）产生结构关系。但意义上又是全句所必需的，具有相对独立性的一种成分。用来表示称谓呼叫，以及对事物原推测、估计、注释、补充、感叹、摹拟语气等，如：
（1）事情明摆着，你看，我们能不管吗？
（2）十分明显，不大大提高整个中华民族的科学文化水*，四个现代化就是一句空话。
（3）啊，多么使人心醉的绚丽灿烂的秋色！
（4）砰，砰，一阵枪声传来……
充当独立成分的，有的是一个词，有的是短语，它在句子的位置比较灵活，有的在句首，有的在句中。
⑧复指成分
用两个或两个以上的词或短语指同一事物，作同一个句子成分，如：
（1）先生自己也要书。
（2）国家要独立，民族要**，人民要革命，这已经成为挡不住的历史潮流。
（3）这就是朝鲜战场上一次最壮丽的战斗——松骨峰战斗
英语专四试题阅读理解训练及答案详解
游手好闲的学*并不比学*游手好闲好。以下是小编为大家搜索整理的英语专四试题阅读理解训练及答案详解，希望对正在关注的'您有所帮助!
A Nation That's Losing Its Toolbox
The scene inside the Home Depot on Weyman Avenue here would give the old-time American craftsman pause.
In Aisle 34 is precut plastic flooring, the glue already in place. In Aisle 26 are prefabricated windows. Stacked near the checkout counters, and as colorful as a Fisher-Price toy, is a not-so-serious-looking power tool: a battery-operated saw-and-drill combination. And if you don't want to do it yourself, head to Aisle 23 or Aisle 35, where a help desk will arrange for an installer.
It's all very handy stuff, I guess, a convenient way to be a do-it-yourselfer without being all that good with tools. But at a time when the American factory seems to be a shrinking presence, and when good manufacturing jobs have vanished, perhaps never to return, there is something dee* troubling about this dilution of American craftsmanship.
This isn't a lament (伤感) - or not merely a lament - for bygone times. It's a social and cultural issue, as well as an economic one. The Home Depot approach to craftsmanship - simplify it, dumb it down, hire a contractor - is one signal that mastering tools and working with one's hands is receding in America as a hobby, as a valued skill, as a cultural influence that shaped thinking and behavior in vast sections of the country.
That should be a matter of concern in a presidential election year. Yet neither Barack Obama nor Mitt Romney promotes himself as tool-savvy (使用工具很在行的) presidential timber, in the mold of a Jimmy Carter, a skilled carpenter and cabinet maker.
The Obama administration does worry publicly about manufacturing, a first cousin of craftsmanship. When the Ford Motor Company, for example, recently announced that it was bringing some production home, the White House cheered. "When you see things like Ford moving new production from Mexico to Detroit, instead of the other way around, you know things are changing," says Gene Sperling, director of the National Economic Council.
Ask the administration or the Republicans or most academics why America needs more manufacturing, and they respond that manufacturing gives birth to innovation, brings down the trade deficit, strengthens the dollar, generates jobs, arms the military and brings about a recovery from recession. But rarely, if ever, do they publicly take the argument a step further, asserting that a growing manufacturing sector encourages craftsmanship and that craftsmanship is, if not a birthright, then a vital ingredient of the American self-image as a can-do, inventive, we-can-make-anything people.
Traditional vocational training in public high schools is gradually declining, stranding thousands of young people who seek training for a craft without going to college. Colleges, for their part, have since 1985 graduated fewer chemical, mechanical, industrial and metallurgical (冶金的) engineers, partly in response to the reduced role of manufacturing, a big employer of them.
The decline started in the 1950s, when manufacturing generated a sturdy 28% of the national income, or gross domestic product, and employed one-third of the workforce. Today, factory output generates just 12% of G.D.P. and employs barely 9% of the nation's workers.
Mass layoffs and plant closings have drawn plenty of headlines and public debate over the years, and they still occasionally do. But the damage to skill and craftsmanship- that's needed to build a complex airliner or a tractor, or for a worker to move up from assembler to machinist to supervisor - went largely unnoticed.
"In an earlier generation, we lost our connection to the land, and now we are losing our connection to the machinery we depend on," says Michael Hout, a sociologist at the University of California, Berkeley. "People who work with their hands," he went on, "are doing things today that we call service jobs, in restaurants and laundries, or in medical technology and the like."
That's one explanation for the decline in traditional craftsmanship. Lack of interest is another. The big money is in fields like finance. Starting in the 1980s, skill in finance grew in importance, and, as depicted in the news media and the movies, became a more appealing source of income.
By last year, Wall Street traders, bankers and those who deal in real estate generated 21% of the national income, double their share in the 1950s. And Warren Buffett, the good-natured financier, became a homespun folk hero, without the tools and overalls (工作服).
"Young people grow up without developing the skills to fix things around the house," says Richard Curtin, director of the Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers. "They know about com*rs, of course, but they don't know how to build them."
Manufacturing's shrinking presence undoubtedly helps explain the decline in craftsmanship, if only because many of the nation's assembly line workers were skilled in craft work, if not on the job then in their spare time. In a late 1990s study of blue-collar employees at a General Motors plant (now closed) in Linden, N. J., the sociologist Ruth Milkman of City University of New York found that many line workers, in their off-hours, did home renovation and other skilled work.
"I have often thought," Ms. Milkman says, "that these extracurricular jobs were an effort on the part of the workers to regain their dignity after suffering the degradation of repetitive assembly line work in the factory."
Craft work has higher status in nations like Germany, which invests in apprenticeship (学徒) programs for high school students. "Corporations in Germany realized that there was an interest to be served economically and patriotically in building up a skilled labor force at home; we never had that ethos (风气)," says Richard Sennett, a New York University sociologist who has written about the connection of craft and culture.
The damage to American craftsmanship seems to parallel the steep slide in manufacturing employment. Though the decline started in the 1970s, it became much steeper beginning in 2000. Since then, some 5.3 million jobs, or one-third of the workforce in manufacturing, have been lost. A stated goal of the Obama administration is to restore a big chunk of this employment, along with the multitude of skills that many of the jobs required.
As for craftsmanship itself, the issue is how to preserve it as a valued skill in the general population. Ms. Milkman, the sociologist, argues that American craftsmanship isn't disappearing as quickly as some would argue - that it has instead shifted to immigrants. "Pride in craft, it is alive in the immigrant world," she says.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. How did the author feel looking at the scene inside the Home Depot?
A) He felt proud that he was a do-it-youselfer himself.
B) He was inspired by the way the wares were displayed.
C) He felt troubled about the weakening of American craftsmanship.
D) He was happy to see the return of the do-it-yourself spirit in America.
2. What does the author think of mastering tools and working with one's hands?
A) It shapes people's thinking and behavior.
B) It is no longer important in modern times.
C) It helps politicians connect with workmen.
D) It is essential to advanced manufacturing.
3. How did the White House respond to Ford's announcement to bring some production
A) It worried publicly.
B) It felt much relieved.
C) It made no comment.
D) It welcomed the decision.
4. How does the author view manufacturing?
A) It encourages craftsmanship.
B) It is vital to national defense.
C) It can change the self-image of workers.
D) It represents the nation's glorious past.
5. What do we learn about America's manufacturing in the 1950s?
A) It generated just 12% of the gross national income.
B) It constituted 28% of the gross domestic product.
C) It was the biggest employer of American workers.
D) It was the most active sector of American economy.
6. What does the author say is a factor contributing to the decline in traditional craftsmanship?
A) Automation makes it unnecessary to employ too many skilled workers.
B) People can earn more money in fields other than manufacturing.
suggest用法详解
suggest是个及物动词,后面可以跟名词、代词、动名词或从句作它的宾语。各种试题对suggest的考查通常涉及到它的非谓语动词形式，以下是小编为大家整理的suggest的用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地认识suggest这个单词,提高英语水*。
动词suggest有如下一些用法:
一、 有"建议"的意思.advise,propose 也有此义,请比较它们用法的异同:
1) 都可接名词作宾语
She suggested / advised / proposed an early start.她建议早一点出发。
We suggested / advised / proposed a visit to the museum the next day.我们建议明天去参观博物馆。
2) 都可接动名词作宾语
I suggested / advised / proposed putting off the sports meet.我建议将运动会延期。
They suggested / advised / proposed waiting until the proper time.他们建议(我们)等到恰当的时机才行动。
3) 都可接that 宾语从句,that从句用should+动词原形,should可以省略.
She suggested / advised / proposed that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.她建议班会不要在星期六举行。
We suggested / advised / proposed that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher.我们建议他去向老师道歉。
4) advise 可接动词不定式复合宾语,propose 可接不定式作宾语.
I advised him to give up the foolish idea.= I suggested / proposed his / him giving up the foolish idea.我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头。(suggest和propose在口语里可接动名词的复合宾语)。
We proposed to start early.= We proposed starting early.我们建议早一点出发.(接不定式不用suggest和advise)
二、 有"提出"的意思.如:
He suggested a different plan to his boss.他向老板提出了一个不同的计划。
Xiao Wang suggested a way to solve the problem.小王提出了一个解决这个问题的'办法。
三、 有"暗示、表明"的意思.其主语往往是事物,而不是人.
1)接名词或动名词作宾语.
The simple house suggested a modest income.这座简朴的房子表明(房主的)收入并不高。
Her pale face suggested bad health.她脸色苍白,看来身体不好。
The thought of summer suggests swimming.一想到夏天就使人们联想到游泳。
2)接宾语从句,从句用陈述语气.如:
The decision suggested that he might bring his family.这个决定表明他可以把家属带来。
The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.他脸上的表情表明他很生气。
四、 在主语从句It is suggested that...及名词suggestion 后面表示具体建议的表语从句、同位语从句都应用should+动词原形,should可以省略.如:
It was suggested that we (should) give a performance at the party.人们建议我们在晚会上表演节目。
His suggestion was that the debts (should) be paid off first.他的建议是先把债务还清。
The doctors made a suggestion that the new hospital (should) not be set up on the hill.医生们建议不要把新医院建在山上。
UPDATE语句的用法详解
UPDATE语句用于修改数据库表中的数据，让表中的数据得到一定程度的更新。下面是小编整理的UPDATE语句的用法详解，欢迎大家阅览。
现实应用中数据库中的数据改动是免不了的。通常，几乎所有的用户数据库中的大部分数据都要进行某种程度的修改。在SQL Server数据库中要想修改数据库记录，就需要用UPDATE语句，UPDATE语句就是为了改变数据库中的现存数据而存在的。这条语句虽然有一些复杂的选项，但确实是最容易学*的语句之一。这是因为在大多数情况下，这条语句的高级部分很少使用。在用户看来，UPDATE语句只是用来改变指定行中的数据。但实际的内部情况是，SQL Server从表中删除旧的数据行并插入新行。
SQL Server UPDATE语句的语法如下：
updateset
下面是语法选项简介：
表的名称。该表包含了要修改值的列
示例：
现在我们来看看如何实际修改表中的某些行。我们在表中有一列使用了唯一值，可以区分表中的每一行。因此，我们可以轻松地写下UPDATE语句，只改变对应某作者的那行数据。如下：
复制代码 代码如下:
users set phone=78789831 where number =231;
比如现在我们要把超市表内的每件商品价格都提高11%，是否有必要为每一行都写一条独立的UPDATE语句呢？就现在的情况而言，也许不会有很多的UPDATE语句要写，但如果是更大的.表，这就成问题了。所以回答是否定的。你所要做的只是写一条不指定要更新的行的UPDATE语句，如下所示：
复制代码 代码如下:
shop set priceprice = price * .11 ;
单表的MySQL UPDATE语句：
UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] tbl_name SET col_name1=expr1 [, col_name2=expr2 ...] [WHERE where_definition] [ORDER BY ...] [LIMIT row_count]
多表的UPDATE语句：
UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] table_references SET col_name1=expr1 [, col_name2=expr2 ...] [WHERE where_definition]
UPDATE语法可以用新值更新原有表行中的各列。SET子句指示要修改哪些列和要给予哪些值。WHERE子句指定应更新哪些行。如果没有WHERE子句，则更新所有的行。如果指定了ORDER BY子句，则按照被指定的顺序对行进行更新。LIMIT子句用于给定一个限值，限制可以被更新的行的数目。
MySQL UPDATE语句支持以下修饰符：
如果您使用LOW_PRIORITY关键词，则UPDATE的执行被延迟了，直到没有其它的客户端从表中读取为止。
如果您使用IGNORE关键词，则即使在更新过程中出现错误，更新语句也不会中断。如果出现了重复关键字冲突，则这些行不会被更新。如果列被更新后，新值会导致数据转化错误，则这些行被更新为最接*的合法的值。
如果您在一个表达式中通过tbl_name访问一列，则UPDATE使用列中的当前值。例如，以下语句把年龄列设置为比当前值多一：
MySQL> UPDATE persondata SET ageage=age+1;
MySQL UPDATE赋值被从左到右评估。例如，以下语句对年龄列加倍，然后再进行增加：
MySQL> UPDATE persondata SET ageage=age*2, ageage=age+1;
如果您把一列设置为其当前含有的值，则MySQL会注意到这一点，但不会更新。
如果您把被已定义为NOT NULL的列更新为NULL，则该列被设置到与列类型对应的默认值，并且累加警告数。对于数字类型，默认值为0;对于字符串类型，默认值为空字符串();对于日期和时间类型，默认值为“zero”值。
UPDATE会返回实际被改变的行的数目。MySQL_info() C API函数可以返回被匹配和被更新的行的数目，以及在UPDATE过程中产生的警告的数量。
您可以使用LIMIT row_count来限定UPDATE的范围。LIMIT子句是一个与行匹配的限定。只要发现可以满足WHERE子句的row_count行，则该语句中止，不论这些行是否被改变。
如果一个UPDATE语句包括一个ORDER BY子句，则按照由子句指定的顺序更新行。
您也可以执行包括多个表的UPDATE操作。table_references子句列出了在联合中包含的表。以下是一个例子：
SQL>UPDATE items,month SET items.price=month.price
WHERE items.id=month.id;
以上的例子显示出了使用逗号操作符的内部联合，但是multiple-table UPDATE语句可以使用在SELECT语句中允许的任何类型的联合，比如LEFT JOIN。
注释：您不能把ORDER BY或LIMIT与multiple-table UPDATE同时使用。
在一个被更改的multiple-table UPDATE中，有些列被引用。您只需要这些列的MySQL UPDATE权限。有些列被读取了，但是没被修改。您只需要这些列的SELECT权限。
如果您使用的multiple-table UPDATE语句中包含带有外键限制的InnoDB表，则MySQL优化符处理表的顺序可能与上下层级关系的顺序不同。在此情况下，语句无效并被 回滚。同时，更新一个单一表，并且依靠ON UPDATE功能。该功能由InnoDB提供，用于对其它表进行相应的修改。
目前，您不能在一个子查询中更新一个表，同时从同一个表中选择。
英语句型延续否定句与半否定句详解
想要学好考研英语怎么能不知道否定句呢?以下是小编整理的英语句型延续否定句与半否定句详解，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
延续否定句
句型11[(前句)否定句，+(后句)否定句]
1、"Oh, no, no, no and again no," said Pinocchio. "I must be a good boy."
2、"Am I troubling you?"-"no, not in the least."
3、I shall never do it, not under any circumstances.
4、We must not think of him as a big, strong boy. Far from it!
5、I don't know how much you've got, and I dare say you hardly know yourself, as it would take a pretty long time to count it.
句型12[(前句）主语+否定式谓语…，( 后句)not+ (同前)主语]
1、I'll not do such a thing, not I. 2、He will not break his word, not he.
3、They will not be discouraged, not they. 4、Tom cannot speak Russian, not he.
句型13[(前句）否定句，+ ( 后句)not/neither]
1、Frieda didn't go to the dance, neither did Fanny. 2、You can't do it, nor can anybody else.
3、You did not see him, neither did I. 4、Are you not going? Neither am I.
5、Oliver did not come that day, nor the next day; nor the next after that, nor for many, many days after.
6. I know not what, nor where, neither what latitude, what country, what nation, or what river. I neither saw, nor desired to see any people; the principal thing I wanted was fresh water.
[注1] 有时根据意义上的需要，下列句子是允许的。
I thought of him (=I didn't forget him), nor did I forget you.
[注2] 前句用little, hardly等半否定词，后句同样可跟延续否定句。
The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.
句型14[(前句)否定句，+(后句)no/not/nor…either…(or)…]
1、We are not in the wrong, nor (is）John either.
2、I cannot sing, I cannot dance, either.
3、Mary has no brothers, no cousins, either.
4、I don't know it. You don't know either?
5、China will not be a superpower, not either today or ever in the future.
[注] 英语中"也"的概念在肯定句中通常用too, also或…and as well
句型15[主语+否定式谓语…，+增强语气词(much, still, even, far, a lot, a great deal 等)+ less +名词词组或从句]表示"…, 更不用说…"。
1、I could not assent to, much less participate in such proceedings.
2、…he dared not openly charge her with the attempt, much less punish her for it.
3、He doesn't like music, still less dancing.
4、I did not even see him, still less shake hands with him.
5、I have no mind (idea）to lend this book to anyone, much less to part with it. (割爱)
[注] (much, still, even, far, a lot, a great deal 等)+more也用于追补某些未说完的内容， 但much more只用于肯定句，不能引导延续否定句。 如: I like music, much more dancing. He speaks French, much more English.
Everyone has a right to enjoy his liberty, much more his life.
句型16[主语+否定式谓语…; +to say nothing of/ not to speak of/ not to mention+名词词组]
[主语+否定式谓语…; let alone+名词词组或从句]
1、He does not know English, to say nothing of German or French.
2、In old china there was hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an aviation industry.
3、At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries.
4、I don't know algebra or geometry, not to mention calculus.
5、I never thought of it, let alone (或much less, still less）did I do it.
[注1] "not to say"与 "to say nothing of", 意思相差很远。"not to say"是"不到"的意思，如：It is warm, not to say hot.
[注2] apart from; independently of (姑且不说…）如：Quite apart from (or independently of）saying a good deal of money in drawing illustrations myself, I derived much pleasure from it.
半否定句
句型17[主语+带hardly等半否定词的谓语+(其他)]
1、It scarcely *.
2、I have hardly ever been out of London…
3、The downtown section of New York has hardly (almost not）a tree or a single blade of grass anywhere along the narrow dusty streets.
4、He would hardly recognize his home town if he saw it now.
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