常用商务英语句子

商务英语谈判

商务英语谈判

　　谈判是指除正式场合下的谈判外，一切协商、交涉、商量、磋商等等，都可以看做谈判以下是小编为大家整理的商务英语谈判，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

　　商务谈判的原则

　　何谓商务谈判?谈判是人们为了协调彼此之间的关系，满足各自的需要，通过协商争取达到意见一致的行为和过程。

　　Negotiation takes place between human beings. It is the most common form of social interaction. Almost everybody in the world is involved in negotiations in one way or another for a good part of any given day. People negotiate over where to go for dinner, which movie to watch or how to split household chores.

　　Negotiation, in its modern sense, is defined in The Roots of Sound Rational Thinking as follows: the ability to deal with business affairs, to arrange by discussion the settlement of terms, to reach agreements through treaties and compromise, and to travel through challenging territory. All of these suggest a purposeful effort to resolve problems through talking and intellectual maneuvering. Negotiation includes consultation, bargaining, mediation, arbitration, and sometimes, even litigation.

　　Competitive style To try to gain all there is to gain

　　(竞争式谈判)

　　Accommodative style To be willing to yield all there is to yield

　　(通融式谈判)

　　Avoidance style To try to stay out of negotiation

　　(回避式谈判)

　　Compromising style To try to split the difference or find (妥协式谈判) an intermediate point according to some principle

　　Collaborative style To try to find the maximum possible (合作式谈判) gain for

　　both parties----by careful

　　exploration of the interests of all parties----and often by enlarging the pie

　　Vengeful style To try to harm the other

　　(报复式谈判)

　　Self-inflicting style To act so as to harm oneself

　　(自损式谈判)

　　Vengeful and self-inflicting style To try to harm the other and also

　　(报复和自损式谈判) oneself

　　People who go for the competitive style are known as hard-bargaining negotiators. They start off with outrageous

　　demands, using threats and other tactics to get what they want. One side typically starts out high and the other low. After several rounds of offer and counter-offer, the negotiators end up “splitting the difference”. In this form, negotiation is viewed as a game where each side tries to get the best deal for themselves. Neither side exhibits concern for the other side.

　　1.1 Principle of Collaborative Negotiation

　　合作式谈判的原则

　　Ⅰ. Collaborative Negotiation

　　Negotiation can also assume the form of collaborative style. It involves people with diverse interests working together to achieve mutually satisfying outcomes. Collaborative negotiation is known by many names. Some popular names include “problem-solving negotiation”, “consensus-building negotiation”, “interest-based negotiation”, “win-win negotiation”, “mutual gains negotiation”, and so on. The goal of collaborative negotiation is to manage the dis* so that the outcome is more constructive than

　　destructive. A destructive outcome results in damages and involves exploitation and coercion. A constructive outcome fosters communication, problem-solving, and improved relationships.

　　● The negotiation parties have both diverse and common interests.

　　● The common interests are valued and sought.

　　● The negotiation process can result in both parties gaining something.

　　● The negotiating arena is controlled by enlightened self-interest.

　　● Interdependence is recognized and enhanced.

　　● Limited resources do exist, but they can usually be expanded through cooperation and creativity.

　　● The goal is a mutually agreeable solution that is fair to all parties and effective for the community/group.

　　The collaborative negotiation focuses on interests rather positions. Integrative solutions are obtained by understanding other’s self-interests, not by jostling for positions.

　　The collaborative negotiation places value on relationship. It requires trust and relies on full disclosure of relevant

　　information.

　　The disadvantages of this approach are:

　　● It may pressure an individual to compromise and accommodate in ways not in his best interest.

　　● It avoids confrontational strategies, which can be helpful at times.

　　● It increases vulnerability to deception and manipulation by a competitive opponent.

　　● It makes it hard to establish definite aspiration levels and bottom lines.

　　● It requires substantial skill and knowledge of the process.

　　● It requires strong confidence in one’s perceptions regarding the interests and needs of the other side.

　　Ⅱ. Principled Negotiation

　　In this form, each side of the negotiating parties attempt to meet the other side’s interest as well as their own. By thoroughly understanding their own interest as well as the other’s, both sides are often able to arrive at solutions neither alone could have envisioned or made possible. In this type of negotiation, each side recognizes and accepts the legitimate interests of the other side and they are committed to dealing with differences constructively in order to advance their own self-interests. This has been called “collaborative principled negotiation”, a concept set forth by Roger Fisher and William Ury in their book Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In.

　　Principled negotiation is particularly oriented to collaborative negotiations. However, it can be used in competitive negotiations and in other aspects of conflict management. It is a method that is centered around four considerations (PIOC):

　　● People: Separate the people from the problem.

　　● Interests: Focus on interests, not positions (interests always underlie positions).

[阅读全文]...

最实用的商务英语句子大全

最实用的商务英语句子大全

　　在日常学*、工作和生活中，大家都接触过很多优秀的句子吧，句子是能够表达一个相对完整的意思，有一定的语调，表示不同的语气，句未有一个较大停顿的语言单位。你所见过的句子是什么样的呢？以下是小编帮大家整理的最实用的商务英语句子大全，希望对大家有所帮助。

　　1. We'll still be able to meet the deadline.

　　我们还是可以赶上最后期限的。

　　2. I will keep you posted.

　　我会与你保持联络。

　　3. What is your hurry?

　　什么事让您这么着急呢?

　　4. I'm sorry to burst in on you like this, but I'm really upset.

　　我很抱歉突然找您,但我真的很心烦。

　　5. What on earth has happened to trouble you so?

　　到底发生什么事让您如此发愁?

　　6. I'm afraid I have bad news for you.

　　恐怕我有坏消息要告诉您。

　　7. The woolen sweaters you delivered do not match the sample we provided.

　　你们交货的羊毛衫和我厂提供的样品不一致。

　　8. You agreed that we could make a little change in design if necessary.

　　你们曾经答应这，如有必要，图案可以稍作改动。

　　9. Our clients are very critical on quality.

　　我们的'客户对商品的质量是很挑剔的。

　　10. What do you want us to do?

　　您看怎么办好?

　　11. Our clients want a replacement.

　　我们的客户要求换货。

　　12. It's a bit too hard.

　　这有点太难了吧。

　　13. It's only the background color that's not identical.

　　这仅仅是图案的底色不同而已。

　　14. It sounds like a reasonable solution.

　　这个解决办法还比较合理。

　　15. You are saying you turn on the com*r and see nothing?

　　你的意思是你把计算机打开后什么也看不见?

　　16. I would say that you have a larger problem than just the monitor.

　　我想你的问题比较大，不只是显示器的问题。

　　17. Whatever it is, I need this com*r to work.

　　不管是什么问题，我要求把这台计算机修好。

　　18. Is there any way you could bring it in to be looked at?

　　你有没有办法把它带过来，让我们看一看?

　　19. If not, our repairman can come to you.

　　要不然，我们的维修人员可以上你那里去。

　　20. I would prefer if he comes here.

　　我倒愿意他去我们那里。

　　21. Our first bill came yesterday, and we have some questions.

　　我们昨天收到的第一张帐单，有一些问题。

　　22. I surely hope I can answer them for you.

　　我真的希望我能回答你的问题。

　　23. It does appear that way.

　　看起来好象是这样的。

　　24. Let me do some research on this and get back with you tomorrow.

　　请让我查查看，明天再给你答复。

　　25. As they are in such a damaged condition, we doubt we will be able to take delivery.

[阅读全文]...

商务英语常用单词

商务英语常用单词

　　以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的英语就是商务英语，商务英语也是很重要的。以下是小编为大家整理的商务英语常用单词，欢迎大家分享。

　　insurance 保险

　　mortgage 抵押

　　allotment 拨款

　　short term credit 短期信贷

　　consolidated debt 合并债务

　　funded debt 固定债务,长期债务

　　floating debt 流动债务

　　drawing 提款,提存

　　aid 援助

　　allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴

　　cost 成本,费用

　　expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出

　　fixed costs 固定成本

　　overhead costs 营业间接成本

　　overheads 杂项开支,间接成本

　　operating costs 生产费用,营业成本

　　operating expenses 营业费用

　　running expenses 日常费用,经营费用

　　miscellaneous costs 杂项费用

　　overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用

　　upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用

　　transport costs 运输费用

　　social charges 社会负担费用

　　contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用

　　apportionment of expenses 分摊费用

　　income 收入,收益

　　earnings 利润,收益

　　gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益

　　gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额

　　net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额

　　average income *均收入

　　national income 国收入

　　profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率

　　yield 产量收益,收益率

　　increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值

　　duty 税

　　taxation system 税制

　　taxation 征税,纳税

　　fiscal charges 财务税收

　　progressive taxation 累进税制

　　graduated tax 累进税

　　value added tax 增值税

　　income tax 所得税

　　land tax 地租,地价税

　　excise tax 特许权税

　　basis of assessment 估税标准

　　taxable income 须纳税的收入

　　fiscality 检查

　　tax-free 免税的

[阅读全文]...

商务英语写作开头技巧

商务英语写作开头技巧

　　好的开头等于成功的一半，写作也是如此，一个完美的.开头绝对会让人眼前一亮的。作文要拿高分，就想知道商务英语写作如何快速提升呢？下面是小编为大家收集的商务英语写作开头技巧，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

　　(1)特此奉告……

　　To inform one of; To say; To state; To communicate; To advise one of; To bring to one's notice (knowledge); To lay before one; To point out; To indicate; To mention; To apprise one of; To announce; To remark; To call one's attention to; To remind one of; etc.

　　1. We are pleased to inform you that

　　2. We have pleasure in informing you that

　　3. We have the pleasure to apprise you of

　　4. We have the honour to inform you that (of)

　　5. We take the liberty of announcing to you that

　　6. We have to inform you that (of)

　　7. We have to advise you of (that)

　　8. We wish to inform you that (of)

　　9. We think it advisable to inform you that (of)

　　10. We are pleased to have this opportunity of reminding you that (of)

　　11. We take the advantage of this opportunity to bring before your notice

　　12. Please allow us to call your attention to

　　13. Permit us to remind you that (of)

　　14. May we ask your attention to

　　15. We feel it our duty to inform you that (of)

　　(2)为(目的)奉告某某事项……

　　1. The purpose of this letter is to inform you that (of)

　　2. The purport of this line is to advise you that (of)

　　3. The object of the present is to report you that

　　4. The object of this letter is to tell you that

　　5. By this letter we Purpose to inform you that (of)

　　6. Through the present we wish to intimate to you that

　　7. The present serves to acquaint you that

　　(3)惠请告知某某事项……

　　1. Please inform me that (of)

　　2. Kindly inform me that (of)

　　3. Be good enough to inform me that (of)

　　4. Be so good as to inform me that (of)

　　5. Have the goodness to inform me that (of)

　　6. Oblige me by informing that (of)

　　7. I should be obliged if you would inform me that (of)

　　8. I should be glad if you would inform me that (of)

　　9. I should esteem it a favour if you would inform me that (of)

　　10. I will thank you to inform me that (of)

　　11. You will greatly oblige me by informing that (of)

　　12. We shall be obliged if you will inform us that (of)

　　13. We shall be pleased to have your information regarding (on， as to; about)

　　14. We shall deem it a favour if you will advise us of

　　15. We shall esteem it a high favour if you will inform us that (of)

　　(4)特确认，本公司某月某日函件……

　　1. We confirm our respects of the l0th May

　　2. We confirm our letter of the l0th of this month

　　3. We confirm our last letter of the l0th June

　　4. We had the pleasure of writing you last on the l0th of this month

　　5. We confirm our respects of the l0th June

　　6. We confirm the remarks made in our respects of the l0th July

　　7. We confirm the particulars of our enquiry by telephone of this morning

[阅读全文]...

商务英语在邮局口语

商务英语在邮局口语

　　导语：商务英语（BUSINESS ENGLISH ）是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的，内容涉及到商务活动的方方面面。下面是小编搜集的商务英语在邮局口语，欢迎阅读。

　　在邮局 at the post office

　　1.商务建议

　　在国外出差或旅游时，有时也要处理一些邮政业务，比如邮寄包裹、明信片或信件，熟记一些基本的邮局用语也是必要的准备。如id like to mail this package.(我要邮寄包裹)。鉴于各国邮局的作业程序不同，遇到程序不太清楚的时候，最好加上一句：whats it for?(这是做什么用的?)邮局职员一般都会热情作答。

　　2.商务英语情景对话

　　a:excuse me.id like to mail this package to china and buy ten post cards.

　　打扰一下，我想寄这个包裹到中田，并买十张明信片。

　　b:you can do both right here. would you flii out this green customs sticker?

　　两样都可以在这里办理。请先填写这张绿色关税贴纸好吗?sticker贴纸

　　a:what should i write here?

　　我该填些什么呢?

　　b:whats in the package?

　　包裹里装的是什么?

　　a:five books.

　　五本书。

　　b:ok.write "five books" here and write down the value,too.you also have to fill out this white sticker.

　　好的。在这儿写下“五本书，”并写下价格。你还需要填写这张白色贴纸。

　　a:whats it for?

　　这条是做什么用的?

　　b:this is to indicate what you want to be done with the package if it doesnt reach the addressee.

　　如果物件未送达收件人，你想如何处理包裹的选项。addressee收件人

　　a:id like it returned to me.

　　找希望回邮给我。

　　b:in that case,check the box“return to sender".

　　那样的话，在“归还寄件人修那一栏上划勾。

　　3.商务英语核心句型

　　id like to mail this package to china.

　　我想把这个包裹寄往*。

　　pleasefill out this customs paper.

　　请填写这张关税卡。

　　please retum it to me if the package doesnt reach the addressee.

　　如果包裹未寄达，请退还本人。

　　4.商务英语情景词汇

　　surface mail 普通邮件

　　sea mail 海运邮件

　　registered mail 挂号

　　return postcard 回邮明信片

　　postal remittance 邮政汇款

　　air mail 航空邮件

　　special delivery mail 限时专送

　　ordinary mail *信

　　zip code 邮递区号

　　相关阅读：

　　NBA center Jason Collins recently announced he was gay in a cover story for Sports Illustrated . In other words, he "came out of the closet." This expression for revealing ones homosexuality may seem natural. Being in the closet implies hiding from the outside world, and the act of coming out of it implies the will to stop hiding. But though the closet has long been a metaphor for privacy or secrecy, its use with reference tohomosexuality is relatively recent。

　　According to George Chaunceys comprehensive history of modern gay culture, Gay New York , the closet metaphor was not used by gay people until the 1960s. Before then, it doesnt appear anywhere "in the records of the gay movement or in the novels, diaries, or letters of gay men and lesbians."

　　"Coming out," however, has long been used in the gay community, but it first meant something different than it does now. "A gay mans coming out originally referred to his being formally presented to the largest collective manifestation of prewar gay society, the enormous drag balls that were patterned on the debutante and masquerade balls of the dominant culture and were regularly held in New York, Chicago, New Orleans, Baltimore, and other cities." The phrase "coming out" did not refer to coming out of hiding, but to joining into a society of peers. The phrase was borrowed from the world of debutante balls, where young women "came out" in being officially introduced to society。

　　The gay debutante balls were a matter of public record and often covered in the newspaper, so "coming out" within gay society often meant revealing your sexual orientation in the wider society as well, but the phrase didnt necessarily carry the implication that if you hadnt yet come out, you were keeping it a secret. There were other metaphors for the act of hiding or revealing homosexuality. Gay people could "wear a mask" or "take off the mask." A man could "wear his hair up" or "let his hair down," or "drop hairpins" that would only be recognized by other gay men。

　　It is unclear exactly when gay people started using the closet metaphor, but "it may have been used initially because many men who remained covert thought of theirhomosexuality as a sort of skeleton in the closet." It may also have come from outsiders who viewed it that way. It seems that "coming out of the closet" was born as a mixture of two metaphors: a debutante proudly stepping into the arms of a communityand a shocking secret being kept in hiding. Now the community is the wider community, and the secret is no longer shocking."Coming out" is a useful phrase, but it need not im* a closet。

　　NBA中锋杰森·柯林斯最*在《体育画报》的封面故事中宣布他是同性恋。换言之，他“出柜”了。这样揭示一个人是同性恋的表述看起来很自然。在衣柜里则意味着逃避外界，而出来这个动作意味着将会不再躲藏。尽管衣柜一直是隐私和秘密的隐喻，有关同性恋的用法也是最*的事。

　　据乔治·昌西对整个当代同性恋文化历史一书《纽约同性恋》的记录，“衣柜”一词直到上世纪60年代才被同性恋者用作隐喻词。在这之前，这并没有“在同性恋运动记录，或者是同性恋小说、日记、信件中出现。”

[阅读全文]...

商务英语名词转形容词句子

要全部的 如：形容词修饰名词

形容词修饰名词或者是代词副词修饰副词本身，以及形容词，动词，句子

2)比较级的用法①双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级十 than”的结构表示．例如： This pen is better than that one. ②表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less十原级十 than”的结构表示．例如： This room is less beautiful than that one． ③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰．例如： He works even harder than before． 注意：英语的比较级前如无 even，still，或 yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”，如： She is better than she was yesterday．她比昨天好些了．Please come earlier tomorrow． 请明天早点来． 注意：by far通常用于强调最高级．用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“ the”．如 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语)，the 十比较级(主语十谓语)”的结构．例如： The harder he works，the happier he feels．⑤不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级十 and十比较级”的结构．例如： The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful． ⑥某些以一 or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than．(这些词有inferior，superior，junior，senior，prior等．例如： He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。

that指物，one既可指人，也可指物．that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.例如： The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk. A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood． ⑧表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：A) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B．例如； The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one．这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。

(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])．B) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc．) as B．例如： Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大．(亚洲比欧洲大三倍．)C) A is three(four，etc．) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc．) than B．例如： Your school is three times bigger than ours，你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍．(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大．) 用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数．表示两倍可以用 twice或 double3)最高级的用法 ①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“ the十最高级”的结构表示．这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语．例如： Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three．

Sold-to Party: 卖予 某方 Ship-to Party: 出货至 某方Bill-to code：出单 代码 Ship-to code: 出货 代码 信用额度: Credit Limit出货额度: Shipment Limit

[阅读全文]...

2022商务英语文化词汇的含义

2022商务英语文化词汇的含义

　　商务英汉翻译是一种语际转换，它不仅包括语言符号的转换，更涉及不同商业文化之间的沟通，是两种异域文化的碰撞与交融。商务英语在*年来发展得很好，想要报考这个专业的童鞋可以考虑下。以下是小编为大家整理的商务英语文化词汇的含义，欢迎大家分享。

　　美国翻译理论家尤金·奈达指出：“要真正出色地做好翻译工作，掌握两种文化比掌握两种语言甚至更为重要，因为词语只有运用在特定的文化中才具有意义。”

　　语言是文化的载体，同时又是文化的重要组成部分。不同文化背景的人进行交际的过程是跨文化交际。离开文化背景去翻译，不可能达到两种语言之间的真正交流。

　　一、商务英语中的文化语境

　　语言与文化密不可分，相互依存。语言既是文化的产物又是文化的载体，可以容纳文化的各个方面，同时它也受到文化的制约。正如Juri Lotman所说：“没有一种语言不是根植于具体的文化之中的;也没有一种文化不是以某种自然语言的结构为中心的。”

　　英语和汉语是不同语系的两种语言，由于文化的不同，语言的内涵及表达也就不同。上面提到，商务英语翻译是一种跨文化的语际交流，它要求译者具备熟练的语言知识，又要熟悉多种文化，掌握语用技巧，从而完成具有一定语用目的的商业文化交流。

　　提高商务英语翻译技能和语用能力就应关注文化的异同，灵活变通，以达到源语的语用目的。在商务英语翻译工作中应灵活处理因不同文化背景、语言表达*惯等因素造成的交际障碍，把握语用原则，根据语境做必要的调整，避免语用失误。

　　Newmark(1982-113)指出：“语境在所有翻译中都是最重要的因素，其重要性大于任何法规、任何理论、任何基本词义。”

　　文化语境是语境的重要组成部分，翻译的最终目标是在原文与译文之间寻找最恰当而又最自然的对等语，而译文语言的重构过程很大程度上受到文化语境的制约。

　　译员要取得等值的翻译，必须克服不同文化语境带来的影响，积极顺应不同文化，弄清词语的真实涵义，准确地选择词义，才能获得相对等值的翻译。

　　在国际商务活动中，单纯地掌握外语这种语言工具不能保障对外商务活动的顺利进行。国际商务英语翻译不单是一个语言或商务本身的翻译问题，而且还涉及更深层次的文化翻译问题。

　　成功的翻译绝不仅仅是在了解语法、词汇等语言基础知识后就能做到的。辞典里的释义在商务文章及其活动中，必须依据上下文和文化背景来理解翻译，否则就会造成误解，以至误译。

　　仅以非英语国家中的英语标识为例：一家旅馆的电梯中贴有“Please leave your values at the front desk.(请把价值观留在前台)”;某诊所的办公室标识是“Specialist in women and other diseases.(妇女及其他疾病的专家)”。

　　在酒吧间的标志语“Ladies are requested not have children in the bar.(女士请勿在酒吧内生产)”，此类令人啼笑皆非的语言误译在世界各地比比皆是，为跨文化交际带来了不同程度的误解。

　　任何不同文化之间的交往，都需要在交流时克服异国文化的障碍，达到交流沟通的目的。有人也提出翻译是一种文化移植的过程，译者是两种不同文化的中间人，其任务是把作者和读者联系起来。

　　所以，作为一名翻译工作者，不仅要具有双语能力(bilingualcompetence)，而且还要有双文化能力(bicultural competence)，能够成为文化交流的使者，帮助来自不同文化的交流双方克服文化差距。因此，国际商务翻译人员特别要了解本国与异国的文化差异，尽可能减少对外商务交流与沟通中的理解障碍与误解。

　　二、商务词汇中的文化差异

　　语言是由词汇构成，而词语又是语言中最活跃的因素，最敏感地反映了社会生活和社会思想的变化，是语言中最能反映文化特征的部分。

　　商务英语中的文化差异同样也会反映在商务的不同方面。语言作为商务活动中的交际工具，离不开政治、经济和社会文化的影响。中西方文化在思维*惯上、语言表达形式上，词汇意象和含义上，都有着自己的特色，故翻译时要特别注意。

　　1.语用涵义差异

　　在英汉两个民族的语言历史发展过程中，各自不同的文化背景导致两者在观察事物和反映客观世界的角度和方法上差别很大。甚至在两种文化中同指一事物或现象的词在不同文化中所引起的联想和在情感上所引起的'反应也是不相同的。

　　国际商务翻译时涉及一种文化通过翻译进入到另一种异质文化。人们缺乏对社会语言差异的敏感性，会无意识地进行语用迁移，商务翻译人员要了解并掌握汉英两种语言所涉及的不同文化的差异，要从字面意思之外领悟到言语中的语用意义，运用恰当的手段进行补偿，尽量做到文化信息等值或等义。

　　例如，国内某厂曾出口一种“双羊”牌高档羊绒被，英文商标被译成Goats，尽管品质很好，销路却不佳，究其原因就在于goat这个词，在*人的心目中“山羊”是个褒义词，而在英语中goat除了本意“山羊”外，还有“色鬼、淫的人”之意，英语中就有old goat(好色之徒)的说法。

　　再看英语和汉语中都有表达“干货”这一指称对象的词语，正确的英文术语是driedfood and nuts，而不能随手译成dry goods(纺织品)。这方面的例子不胜枚举。

　　再如汉语形容新事物大量出现时常用“犹如雨后春笋”这个短语，但是在英国，由于竹子不是土生土长的植物，因此语言中缺乏与此有关的原始词汇。汉语中的“笋”字只能译成“bamboo shoot”(竹芽)，汉语中的“雨后春笋般地涌现”，在英语则只能对应地使用动词“mushroom(雨后春笋般涌现)”或惯用语“spring[grow,shoot]up like mushrooms”。

　　例1：Since the opening of the first shop，new branches have mushroomed all over thecountry.

　　译文：自从第一家店开张以来，新的分店如雨后春笋般地遍布了全国。

　　2.语义联想差异

　　语言本身不仅是文化的重要组成部分，也是文化的载体。每一种语言都是一个国家、民族文化发展的产物，都有其久远的历史背景和丰富的文化内涵。

　　东西文化语境的差异导致了人们对同一事物或同一概念有不同的理解和解释。在翻译中，要做到用词准确，不仅要掌握词的字面意义，而且要知道由文化语境所决定的词语内涵意义，避免错译。

　　以动物形象为例，在不同民族的人眼中，同一种动物可能会引发截然不同的联想。汉语中“馋猫”比喻人贪嘴，常有亲昵的成份。

　　英语中关于cat的*语很多，但是比作人时，一般给人的联想都不太好，西方迷信认为遇到black cat是不吉利的征兆。英语中常用cat指恶意伤人、包藏祸心的女人，把脾气很坏的老太婆称之为old cat。由cat加上后缀的catty指“爱搬弄是非的人”;cattish的意思是“狡猾的”，表示反对或嘲笑的嘘声被称为cat call。

　　但是，cock一词在英语中属于忌讳语、下流话，常用于骂人，用cock一词作产品商标，给人一种粗俗、缺乏教养的印象，必然损害商品的形象，也使国外消费者望而生厌。GoldenCock商标后来改译为Golden Rooster，避免了不当使用cock一词的尴尬与难堪。

　　3.人情*俗差异

　　语言来源于生活，生活*俗与人情世故在一定程度上制约着语言的表达系统。例如中西方在数字含义文化方面的差异。

　　*人喜欢6、8、9等数字。因此有活力28、三九胃泰、168信息台等。汉语俗语中有“六六大顺”之说，而数字“666”，在《圣经》里象征魔鬼。数字“七”在欧美国家相当于*人心目中的“八”，有“积极的、胜利的”等含义，是一个大吉大利的数字，如Boeing 777(飞机)，7-Up牌的(饮料)，Mild Seven(香烟)、7-Eleven(连锁店)。

　　但在我国，“七”只是个普通的数字。而数词“八”在汉语中受到部分人热捧，因其与“发”谐音，能够满足和迎合一些人发财致富的心理，但英语中“eight”并无这层含义。

　　不同文化的人对颜色的认识也有差异。例如，blue既有“蓝色”的意思，还有“忧郁的，沮丧的，下流的，淫猥的”等含义。

　　例2：It really is blue Monday after a wonderful weekend.

　　译文：过了愉快的周末之后，星期一(要上班)实在是令人沮丧。

　　在美国“蓝色星期一”(blue Monday)，指“情绪不好的星期一”。blue sky英文含意是“没有价值的”，如把“蓝天”牌台灯翻译成blue sky lamp，意思便成了“没有用的台灯”，销路可想而知。蓝色在*人心目中一般不会引起“忧郁”或“倒霉”的联想。

　　英语国家视“red”为“残暴、不吉利、亏空”，英语里说go into(the)red(发生亏损)：in the red意思是“负债、赤字、亏空”，反之in the black表示“赢利”。在*红色常预示喜庆，经商时，商人希望“开门红”。经营赚钱了，大家都来分“红利”，老板发“红包”。

　　在*文化中，绿色代表春天，是新生与希望的象征，而在西方文化中，green会使人联想到“幼稚”、“没经验”，如“a boy green to hisjob(工作无经验的小伙子)”。

　　颜色词black，在中西方的文化中都可以表示“黑色，暗淡的：坏的;邪恶的”的意思，如，blackmarket(黑市)，blacklist(黑名单)等，英语中的black还有汉语中所没有的文化含义。

　　例3：Naturally，a business must stay in the black to keep on.

　　译文：当然，一个企业必须盈利才能维持。

　　4.典故与宗教信仰差异

　　英汉两民族的宗教信仰不同，自然也会体现在语言方面。特定的宗教信仰产生了语词的特定含义。人们的语言也深深地打上了民族宗教色彩的烙印。

　　如在西方人们有时会说：“Man proposes，God disposes.”(谋事在人，成事在天);“God helps those who helpthemselves.”(天助自助者);“He that serves God for money will serve the devil for betterwages.(为钱侍奉上帝，会为更多的钱替魔鬼效劳：类似汉语中的“有奶便是娘”)。

　　例4：Actually，human—related factors occupies a lion's share among the factors leading toaccidents.

[阅读全文]...

BEC商务英语初级模拟试题

BEC商务英语初级模拟试题

　　商务英语考试指剑桥商务英语资格考试，是剑桥系列考试中专为学*者提供的国际商务英语资格证书考试。以下是小编精心整理的BEC商务英语初级模拟试题，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

　　Listening

　　approximately 40 minutes (including 10 minutes’ transfer time)

　　Part one:

　　Question 1-12

　　●You will hear a representative of a company which organizes trade fairs for academic recruitment . she is talking to a group of prospective clients.

　　● As you listen, for questions 1-12. complete the notes, using up to three words or a number.

　　●.After you have listened once, replay the recording.

　　Praxis Academic Recruitment Fairs

　　Specific geographical areas served:

　　(1)___________________________________________________________

　　(2) __________________________________________________________

　　Package includes:

　　Exhibition(3) ___________________________________________________

　　Delivery of all (4) ___________________________

　　Local(5) ___________________________

　　“Filtering system”:

　　Works through (6) ___________________________

　　Advertisements placed in (7) ___________________________

　　And on (8) ___________________________

　　“context-sensitive” feature:

　　Convenient (9) ___________________________

　　Services of (10) ___________________________

　　More details from publicity leaflet about:

　　(11) ___________________________

　　Special services

　　(12) ___________________________

　　Part two

　　Question 13-22

　　●You will hear five different people speaking about changes in personnel in their place of work

　　●For each extract there are two tasks, For Task One , choose the reason for change in personnel from the list A-H .For Task Two, choose the action that has been taken as a result, from the list A –H

　　●After you have listened once, re* the recording

　　Task one—Reason

　　●For questions 13-17 ,match the extracts with the reasons, listed A –H

　　●For each extract, choose the reason each speaker mentions.

　　●write one letter A-H next to the number of the extract

　　13____________

　　14___________

　　15___________

　　16___________

　　17___________

　　A sick leave

　　B dismissal

　　C promotion

　　D secondment

　　E resignation

　　F study leave

　　H redundancy

　　Task Two-Action

　　●For question 18-22, match the extracts with the problem areas in the new workplace , listed A – H.

[阅读全文]...

2016年商务英语选择题及答案

2016年商务英语选择题及答案

　　无论是在学校还是在社会中，大家一定没少看到英语选择题吧，那么都有哪些类型的'英语选择题呢？下面是小编收集整理的2016年商务英语选择题及答案，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

　　1.Titles and education on your business card are not important in_____.

　　A.America B.Japan C.China D.Sweden.

　　答案：D

　　2. It is best way to receive the business card with _______ when making presentation.

　　A. the right hand B. the left hand C.the right or left hand D.both hands

　　答案：D

　　3. _______ do not exchange business cards at social occasions, but more norm at business functions and meetings?

　　A.Japaneses B.Italians C.Swedens D.Americans

　　答案：B

　　4. Which English name translated from "萧远山" may cause misunderstanding among foreigners?

　　A. Xiao Yuanshan

　　B. Xiao Yuan Shan

　　C. XIAO Yuanshan

　　D. Xiao Yuanshan

　　Answer: B

　　5. To lay the business card in front of somebody on the table is considered rude in _____, where it is believed as an odd behavior to stare at the card by placing it on the table.

　　A. Japen

　　B. Egypt

　　C. Korea

　　D. Swedish

　　KEY: C

　　6. Most Swedes speak and understand _____,so it is not necessary to have your business cards translated into Swedish.

　　A.French

　　B.Germany

　　C.English

　　D.Spanish

　　答案：C

　　7. This is especially true in Japan, where the buiness card exchange is as ____ as it gets anywhere in the world.

　　A.formally

　　B.formal

　　C.normal

　　D.normally

　　答案：B

　　8. Never carry your business cards, or place another persons business card in a ___ back pocket.

　　A.right

　　B.left

　　C.front

　　D.back

　　答案：D

　　9. When you receive a ___ business card, unless you are fluent in ___, read the English side first but definitely turn to the ___ side for the reasons noted earlier.

　　A Chinese Chinese Chinese

　　B Japanese Japanese Japanese

　　C.Germany Germany Germany

　　D.French French French

　　答案:B

　　10. Which style is widely used in business letters and personal-business letters ?

　　A.Simplified Style B.Block Style

　　C.Modified Block Form with Indented Style D.Modified Block Style

　　answer:B

[阅读全文]...

BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材推荐

BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材推荐

　　准备报考BEC剑桥商务英语考试的同学，你们知道官方推荐的考试用书是什么么?下面是百分网小编精心为大家整理的BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材推荐，以下是小编为大家整理的BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材，希望能帮到大家！

　　一、《MARKETLEADER体验商务英语综合教程》

　　内容简介：

　　《体验商务英语》系列教材为学*者提供了全新的学*方式，即在体验中学*商务英语，进而提高运用英语进行商务交际的能力。该系列教材是在培生教育出版集团出版的MarketLeader和powerhouse系列教材的基础上改编的，由《综合教程》、《听说教程》、同步练*《教师用书》和配套的录音、录像资料等组成。

　　教材特点：将国际商务活动引入课堂，体验真实的商务世界。角色扮演和案例学*将体验式学*引向深入，教学设计严谨，为体验式学*打好基础。教学资源丰富，为体验式教学提供有力支持。

　　点评：

　　作为老牌商务英语品牌的引进教材，极好地保留着美国人的实用主义特点。MarketLeader注重于应用，尤其是每个单元的案例分析十分有利于体验式教学。加上其文章都来自于FT，不但内容精炼，在应用的广泛度和流行程度上也做到了有力保证。该系列教材非常适合公司英语培训、公司英语内训等教学使用，亚洲最大的公司英语培训公司马科里得的首选教材就是这套《MARKETLEADER体验商务英语综合教程》，就是看中它具有MBA特点的案例教学设计。刚刚出版的第三版在应用的贴合度上又有不少改进，非常值得期待。

　　二、《新编剑桥商务英语》

　　内容简介：

　　剑桥商务英语证书(BEC)考试是一种全新的实用型考试，侧重考察真实工作环境中的英语交流能力，专为广大商务英语学*者量身定做，获得全球众多教育机构及企业的认可，并将其作为入学考试或招聘录用的英语语言水*要求。

　　《新编剑桥商务英语教师用书》增加了学生用书中由于篇幅限制无法保留的部分内容，如详细的教学笔记、*题答案、听力文字材料和进一步的学*参考;还提供了内容高度凝练、充满趣味而且可以模仿的学*活动，是职场新人和广大师生们最理想的选择

　　点评：

　　这就是大家所熟知的BEC了，有相应的考试。考试的分数能够代表你的商务英语运用能力，可以说是非常好的.一本标准化英语教程，相比《MARKETLEADER体验商务英语综合教程》来说各具特色，被同样针对应试教学的新东方广泛使用。然而此教材可谓成也标准化，败也标准化。如果作为BEC考试用书，它当然首屈一指，但对于公司英语培训来说，目标直指实用、快速、有效，在这些方面它就远不及MarketLeader来得效率，所以尽管它是被广泛认可的标准化教材，也只能屈居第二位。

　　如果有精力的学生能够将MarketLeader和BEC都能做到滚瓜烂熟的话，那么商务方面的交流肯定是小菜一碟。

　　三、《Interchange剑桥国际英语教程》

　　内容简介：

　　《剑桥国际英语教程》(第3版)(InterchangeThirdEdition)是《剑桥国际英语教程》的全面修订版。作为世界上最受欢迎、最有影响的英语口语教程之一，《剑桥国际英语教程》推动了*传统语言学*模式的革新，加快了我国英语教学的国际化进程。它将交际教学法贯穿于英语口语技能训练的整个过程之中，强调在“有意义的交流”中培养语言的准确度和流利度，将语言学*变成了一种融视、听、说为一体的愉悦体验，因此广受大中院校、英语特色学校和培训机构的欢迎。

　　新版《剑桥国际英语教程》(第3版)更全面地体现了国际上最新的英语口语教学方法，将交际教学法和多元智能教学理念贯穿于语言技能训练的整个过程之中，更适合培养学生的交际技能。

　　点评：

　　这本书是目前市面上最好的英语口语培训教材，级别循序渐进，特别适合*的英语口语学*者。如果教师能够在教学方法上紧密的依照教师用书，并且能够结合一些相应技巧加入教学，对学生的培训将会起到立竿见影的效果。用这套教材来做公司英语培训很容易被接受且见效显著，但和前2套教材属于不同层级，作为如一般酒店、物流等普通服务性行业的公司英语培训教材非常适用，但如涉及国际贸易、金融外汇等交流比较谨慎复杂的公司英语培训就有比较大的局限性，这就是为什么这么好的教材悲剧地只排在了第三。

　　四、剑桥标准英语教程《TOUCHSTONE》

　　内容简介

　　《剑桥标准英语教程》(Touchstone)是一套为青年及**英语学*者设计的、具有突破性和革新意义的专业英语教程。本系列教程以对剑桥国际语料库北美语料库(CambridgeInternationalCorpusofNorthAmericanEnglish)的研究为基础，由剑桥大学出版社知名专家、作者MichaelMcCarthy、JeanneMcCarten以及HelenSandiford合作编写而成。

　　该套教程分为四个级别，每级别含学生用书(附Self-studyAudioCD/CD-ROM光盘)、练*册、教师用书、Video活动用书、配套课堂听力光盘和VideoDVD光盘等，全面覆盖英语初级到中高级水*的教学需求。

　　《剑桥标准英语教程》(Touchstone)课程设置前后关联呼应，教学设计简单明晰，内容新颖，话题时尚，教学素材丰富多样，囊括了视、听、说、网络互动等多种教学形式。教师用书以教师日常教学需求为出发点，设计出最贴*教学细节、富于创新的教学方案。整套教程易教易学，适用面广，为高校教学和社会培训的最佳美语教学解决方案。

[阅读全文]...