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西安城墙的介绍
西安城墙又称西安明城墙,是*现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代城垣 ,是第一批全国重点文物保护单位、国家AAAAA级旅游景区。以下是小编为大家搜集整理的西安城墙的介绍,希望大家喜欢。
城墙介绍
早在明王朝建立前,当朱元璋攻克徽州后,一个名叫朱升的隐士便告诉他应该高筑墙,广积粮,缓称王。朱元璋采纳了这些建议。当全国统一后,他便命令各府县普遍筑城。朱元璋以为天下山川,唯秦中号为险固。西安古城垣就是在这个建城的热潮中,由都督濮英主持,在唐皇城旧城基础上扩建起来。
明代扩建后的西安城墙高12米,顶宽12-14米,底宽15-18米,周长约13.7公里。城墙每隔120米修敌台一座,突出在城墙之外,顶与城墙面*。这是专为射杀爬城的敌人设置的。敌台之间距离的一半,恰好在弓箭的有效射程之内,便于从侧面射杀攻城的敌人。城墙上共有敌台98座,上面都建有驻兵的敌楼。
古代武器落后,城门又是唯一的出入通道,因而这里是封建统治者苦心经营的防御重点。西安城东、西、南、北四座城门,分别有正楼、箭楼、闸楼三重城门。闸楼在最外,其作用是升降吊桥,箭楼在中,正面和两侧设有方形窗口,供射箭用。正楼在最里,是城的正门。箭楼与正楼之间用围墙连接,叫瓮城,是屯兵的地方。瓮城中还有通向城头的马道,缓上无台阶,便于战马上下。全城还建有马道11处。城墙四角都有突出城外的角台。除西南角是圆形,可能是保持唐皇城转角原状外,其它都是方形。角台上修有较敌台更为高大的角楼,表明了这里在战争中的重要地位。
城墙上外侧筑有雉堞,又称垛墙,共5984个,上有垛口,可射箭和了望。内侧矮墙称为女墙,无垛口,以防兵士往来行走时跌下。
最初的西安城墙完全用黄土分层夯打而成,最底层用土、石灰和糯米汁混合夯打,异常坚硬。后来又将整个城墙内外壁及顶部砌上青砖。城墙顶部每隔40-60米有一道用青砖砌成的水槽,用于排水,对西安古城墙的.长期保护起了非常重要的作用。
城四周环绕着又宽又深的城河,正对城门处设有可以随时起落的吊桥。吊桥一升起,进出城的通路便被截断。
明代西安城垣曾是一个庞大而精密的军事防御体系,也是我国现存最完整的一座古城堡。西安古城堡显示了我国古代劳动人民的聪明才智,也为我们研究明代的历史、军事和建筑等提供了不可多得的实物资料。
到达与离开:
1、可在西安火车站就*从尚德门游览城墙
2、市内乘坐321、323、402、405、K600等公交车至“南门站”下车后,从南门登城墙
景点类型:历史建筑
最佳季节:3月-6月和9月-11月为宜。西安属季风气候,春秋两季既无严寒又无酷暑,最适合出行。7、8两月太热,不适合游览,如果是夏季,尽量选择早晨或者落日后上古城墙。
建议游玩:1-3小时
门票:40.00元
开放时间:08:00~20:00
地址:陕西省西安市中心区
介绍西安的英语导游词(精选13篇)
作为一位出色的导游人员,通常需要准备好一份导游词,导游词作为一种解说的文体,它的作用是帮助游客在旅游的同时更好地理解所旅游的景点包含的文化背景和历史意义。导游词要怎么写呢?以下是小编为大家整理的介绍西安的英语导游词,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
Xi'an is a beautiful city with a very colorful history.There are so many famous buildings in xian,such as clay sulelievs,Banpo village museum and so on.If one day you come to Xi'an,you'd better visit some places of interest,so that you can learn more knowledges about this city.At last,I'm sure that you can have a great time in Xi'an.
译:西安是座有着悠久历史的`城市,这里有许多的著名建筑,比如说兵马俑,半坡博物馆等等。如果有天你来到西安,你最好去参观名胜古迹,以便你可以学到更多有关于这座城市的知识。最后,我相信你在西安会玩的开心
Xi'an (Chinese:西安),is the capital of the Shanxi province in the People's Republic of China .As one of the oldest cities in Chinese history,Xi'an is one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China because it has been the capital of some of the most important dynasties in Chinese history,including the Zhou,Qin,Han,the Sui,and Tang dynasties.Xi'an is the eastern end of the Silk Road .The city has more than 3,100 years of history,and was known as Chang'an (traditional Chinese:长安).
Long holidays are usual during Spring Festival,Labor Holiday (1-7 May),and National Holiday (1-7 October).The number of travellers is often greater during Summer (May-August),although the most pleasant season for visiting Xi'an is Autumn.
Some of the most well-known sites in Xi'an are:The city is surrounded by a well-preserved City wall of Xi'an which was re-constructed in the 14th century during the early Ming Dynasty and was based on the inner imperial palace of Tang Dynasty.The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang and his Terracotta Army are located 40 km to the east of the city centre,in the city's suburbs.The Bell Tower and Drum Tower,both are located at the city's central axis.The city's Muslim quarter,which is home to the Great Mosque of Xi'an.The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda and Small Wild Goose Pagoda are both spectacular towers and both are well over 1,000 years old and have survived great earthquakes.The former is next to a large square with the largest fountain in Asia which projects water high into the air,rising and falling in time to music during one of the daily performances (usually at noon and soon after sunset).They protected Buddhist writings in the past.
The Stele Forest is famous for its numerous historic inscriptions and stoneworksThe Famen Temple and its towering pagoda located on the city's outskirtXi Ming TempleWolong Temple at Kaitong laneXingjiao Temple at Shaolin Yuan (where Xuanzang's Tomb lies)Jianfu TempleBlue Dragon TempleWangji TempleThe Banpo Neolithic village is located on the outskirt of the city properThe Qianling Mausoleum,one of the many Tang Dynasty era tombs located in Xi'anThe Shaanxi History Museum has a large collection of artifacts both modern and ancient.Mount Hua is one of the most visited and steepest mountains in the countryMount Zhongnan (终南山)Mount TaibaiMount LiHuaqing Hot Springs (华清池),at the foot of Mt.Lishan,have a history of 6,000 years,the adjacent Huaqing Palace has a history of 3,000 years.Ranked among the Hundred Famous Gardens in China,it also has the status as a National Cultural Relic Protection Unit and a National Key Scenic Area.
Hello, everyone! Welcome to Datang Furong garden! The completion of Datang Furong garden in 2004 shocked the Chinese people and surprised the world. The builders cast the essence of Tang culture into the garden architecture of Datang Furong garden, so that every landscape is pregnant with rich cultural spirituality. They tell the legend of Tang Empire and lead us into the dreamlike holy land of Datang.
Culture is the bridge between us and the Tang people in the 21st century. How does today's Tang Furong garden embody the sacred magnificence and brilliance of the royal culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty? This trip will help you to understand this cultural phenomenon and give you a golden key to dream back to the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Datang Furong garden covers an area of 1000 mu, including 300 mu of water area, 440 mu of green space, nearly 160 mu of road and square, with a total construction area of nearly 100000 square meters. With a total investment of 1.3 billion yuan, it is the first large-scale royal garden style cultural theme park in China to display the style and features of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in an all-round way. Master Zhang Jinqiu, academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering, is responsible for the overall planning, while Mr. Akiyama Akiyama, a Japanese national treasure master, is responsible for the park planning. It is the first five senses theme park in China, with the world's largest imitation Tang royal building complex, the world's largest outdoor incense project, the country's largest imitation Tang banquet development base - Yuyan palace and so on.
Here, you can not only see the world's largest water screen movie "Qi Tian Da Sheng", but also enjoy a large Dream Poetry and dance drama "dream back to the Tang Dynasty" which is elaborately made and contains the charm of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in Fengming Jiutian theater.
Furong garden is divided into four gates. Each gate has its name and meaning. It is the so-called "one gate, one landscape, one culture, one feature, one theme".
There are many scenic spots in the park, such as Ziyun building, ladies' hall, royal banquet palace, Apricot Garden, Fanglin garden, Fengming Jiutian theater, Tang City, etc., which can be divided into 14 scenic spots, including imperial culture, women's culture, poetry culture, imperial examination culture, tea culture, song and dance culture, food culture, folk culture, diplomatic culture, Buddhist culture, Taoist culture, children's entertainment, gate landscape culture, water show culture, etc The cultural zone is a new tourist attraction, which is known as "the shock of Chinese people, the wonder of the world". Tang Furong garden was officially opened to the outside world on April 11, 2005 (the third day of the third month of the third lunar month). When it opened, it ushered in a number of important figures such as former KMT x x Lien Chan and PFP x x James Soong.
"The weather is new on March 3, and there are many beautiful people near the water in Chang'an.".
In ancient times, there happened to be a low-lying area between leyouyuan and Shaolingyuan in the south. Due to long-term accumulation of water, a lake naturally formed. It was named qujiangchi because its water was like Guangling river. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the royal garden was built in this area. After the Han Dynasty, wars broke out frequently and the water dried up gradually. In the Sui Dynasty, the Quchi was dug again to form the Royal Garden "Furong garden". In Tang Dynasty, the diversion c*** was expanded on a large scale, making it a royal garden and a public natural scenic spot. Every spring, the willows are green and the warblers sing and the swallows dance. Chang'an citizens come here more often. In order to make it convenient for the emperor to travel, a Jiacheng is specially built to lead to Furong garden. Qujiang has become a place for the royal family, nobles, scholars and common people to enjoy spring in Chang'an city. The wandering wanderer's memory of Chang'an is a symbol of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
With its unique charm and unparalleled historical status, Tang Furong garden has become a cultural ancestral garden for Chinese people to seek their roots and pursue their dreams and a spiritual home to relive the prosperous times. It will take you to the only cultural journey of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in China.
When we come to Tang Furong garden, we have to talk about Xi'an Qujiang tourist resort. Xi'an Qujiang tourist resort is a provincial tourist resort, which integrates sightseeing, vacation, recreation, business and villa, covering an area of 15.88 square kilometers. The park is rich in scenic resources. Centered on the magnificent Dayan Pagoda and Ci'en Temple, the built Tang Dynasty Art Museum, Tanghua Hotel and Tang Song and dance hall show the style of Tang Dynasty architecture. The botanical garden, bonsai garden, Chunxiao garden, rose garden and Qingliu garden show the beautiful scenery of Chang'an garden; International Food City and other tourism facilities provide services and convenience for domestic and foreign tourists in leisure, entertainment and catering. Tang Furong garden is designed by Zhang Jinqiu, academician of Chinese Academy of engineering and famous landscape architect in China, and by Akita Hiro, a world-class master in Japan.
Located in Qujiang New District of Xi'an City, Datang Furong garden covers an area of 1000 mu, including 300 mu of water surface, with a total investment of 1.3 billion yuan. It is the largest cultural theme park in Northwest China. It was built to the north of the original Tang Furong garden site, and is also the first large royal garden style cultural theme park in China to display the style and features of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It includes many scenic spots, such as Ziyun building, ladies' hall, royal banquet palace, Fanglin garden, Fengming Jiutian theater, Xingyuan, Luyu tea house, Tang City, Qujiang Liuyin, etc. Tang Furong garden has set a number of records in the history of China and even the world: it has the largest waterscape performance in the world, the first "five senses" (namely vision, hearing, smell, touch and taste) theme park, the largest outdoor fragrance project in the world, and the largest imitative Tang royal architectural complex in China, integrating Chinese garden and architectural art.
What are the characteristics of Tang Furong garden? First of all, the park is full of Tang culture. The sculptures and poems in the park are representatives of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and the copies of Tang cultural relics reflect the characteristics of Tang; The second is the nearly 80000 square meters of Tang style architecture, which is the largest Tang style architecture community in the world. All of them are restored according to the original buildings, and all the architectural forms of Tang Dynasty are concentrated, which is a complete Tang Dynasty architecture textbook. The second is the 60 million yuan Lake fountain, which is also the largest water curtain film in the world; Finally, the performance of Lake Hu square, the dream of the Tang Dynasty, is composed by Zhao Jiping, a famous composer. It is an artistic essence of music, dance, music, poetry and recitation.
In fact, since ancient times, Qujiang has a profound historical landscape cultural background. The history of Qujiang can be traced back to the Qin Dynasty, when there was a famous Li palace named "Yichun Xiayuan". Sima Xiangru, a writer of the Western Han Dynasty, vividly described the natural scenery of Qujiang in his famous piece "Shanglin Fu".
Daxing City, the capital of Sui Dynasty, was built on Qujiang River. Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty was suspicious and superstitious. Daxing city is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. Fengshui tends to the southeast. The harem is located in the middle of the north side, and it can't surpass the southeast in the terrain. Some people suggest that we should take the method of "weariness of victory" to get rid of it. If Qujiang is dug into a deep pool and separated from the city, it will be enclosed as a royal Forbidden Garden and become a place for emperors to play. In this way, the spirit of the king of the Sui Dynasty will never be threatened. Fortunately, there is a natural form of water circulation in Qujiang River. With a little renovation, it can become a place of beautiful scenery. In 583 ad, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty officially moved to the new capital. When Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty moved to the new capital, he felt that "Qu" was unlucky, so he ordered his Prime Minister Gao Xun to change the name of the royal garden. One night, Gao Xun suddenly remembered that the lotus in Qujiang pool was in full bloom and extremely red. The lotus was called Furong, so he renamed Qujiang as "Furong garden". After a transformation in the early Sui Dynasty, Qujiang reappeared as a royal garden on the historical stage, and got a new name -- Furong garden. At the same time, it is closely connected with the capital Daxing city. The downstream of the pool flows into the city, which is one of the sources of water for the southeast of the city. In the era of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty, Huang Guan carved various water ornaments in Qujiang pool, and the monarchs and ministers enjoyed the Qujiang drink by the Qujiang pool. He introduced the story of literati's Qujiang drinking cup in Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties into the palace, endowed Qujiang with a kind of humanistic spirit, and laid a foundation for the formation and development of Qujiang culture in Tang Dynasty.
On the basis of Furong garden in Sui Dynasty, the construction scale and cultural connotation of Qujiang garden were expanded in Tang Dynasty. In addition to the reconstruction of ziyunlou, caixiating, liangtang and Penglai mountain in Furong garden, the Yellow c*** of large-scale water conservancy project was excavated to expand the water surface of Furong pool and Qujiang pool. It became a place for royal families, monks and civilians to gather and visit. Qujiang Liuyin, Xingyuan Guanyan, Yanta title, Yueyou Denggao and other literary stories about the population in ancient Chinese history all took place here. Qujiang changed greatly in the Tang Dynasty, and became the only public garden in Chang'an City, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. It reached the most prosperous period in its development history, became the gathering place of Tang culture and the landmark area of Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, and also played the strongest voice of Chinese culture.
"Jiangtou palace locks thousands of doors, for whom is Xiliu Xinpu green?" After the reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the later dynasties, such as Emperor Gaozong and Emperor Ruizong, began to take great actions here, which laid the foundation for the prosperity of Tang culture. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty expanded Qujiang on a large scale, which made it unprecedented and reached the peak of its garden construction. In Furong garden, the imperial Forbidden Garden, Xuanzong built Ziyun building, Caixia Pavilion, Linshui Pavilion, Shuidian, shanlou, Penglai mountain, liangtang and other buildings, and built a Jiacheng, 7960 meters long and 50 meters wide, from Daming Palace through Xingqing palace to Furong garden. After the expansion of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the Furong garden has many palaces and pavilions. The garden buildings in Qujiang reach the highest level, and all kinds of cultural activities tend to climax. With the destruction of Chang'an city at the end of Tang Dynasty, all kinds of garden buildings were destroyed, and all kinds of cultural activities were gradually silent, so that some of them finally disappeared and could not be traced. Qujiang, a public garden area where civilians gather to visit, is not only unprecedented in the history of the ancient capital Xi'an, but also unique in ancient Chinese history.
Located on the side of the wild goose pagoda in the ancient capital Xi'an, Tang Furong garden is the first large-scale royal garden style cultural theme park in China to display the style and features of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in an all-round way. As early as in history, Furong garden is a famous royal garden. Today's Tang Furong garden is built on the original Tang Furong garden site. It is set against the background of "going into history, experiencing humanity and experiencing life", showing the splendid civilization of the Tang Dynasty.
The landscape of the park is divided into 12 cultural theme areas, from the emperor, poetry, folk, food, women, tea culture, religion, science and technology, diplomacy, imperial examination, song and dance, gate characteristics and other aspects to reproduce the brilliant civilization of the Tang Dynasty. There are pavilions, carved beams and painted buildings in the garden, including Ziyun building, ladies' hall, royal banquet palace, Fanglin garden, Fengming Jiutian theater, Xingyuan, Luyu tea house, Tang city and many other scenic spots. Every day, there are various wonderful performances in the scenic spots of the park, including Qitian drum dance, "Jiaofang music and dance" palace performance, "Yanying nishang" costume performance, Shaolin martial arts performance, lion dance, stilt, acrobatics and so on. The world's largest water screen movie, which is staged every night, integrates music fountain, laser, flame, mine and water mist, bringing tourists a three-dimensional feeling of shock.
The theme of the park is to perform a large-scale dream poem and dance drama "dream back to the Tang Dynasty", which is grand and fantastic. It was once invited to perform in Singapore, and was warmly received and highly praised by Singapore president Nathan, Lee Hsien Loong and Cabinet Minister Lee Kuan Yew. Every holiday, there are all kinds of theme activities to bring you 365 days of surprise and joy. With its unique charm and unparalleled historical status, Tang Furong garden has become a cultural ancestral garden for Chinese people to seek their roots and pursue their dreams and a spiritual home to relive the prosperous times. It will take you to the only cultural journey of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in China.
Datang Furong garden is located in Qujiang New District of Xi'an city. It covers an area of 1000 mu, including 300 mu of water surface with a total investment of 1.3 billion yuan. It is the largest cultural theme park in Northwest China. It was built to the north of the original Tang Furong garden site. It is the first large-scale royal garden style cultural theme park in China to show the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in an all-round way. Including Ziyun building, ladies hall, royal banquet palace, Fanglin garden, Fengming Jiutian theater, Xingyuan, Luyu tea house, Tang City, Qujiang Liuyin and many other attractions. Datang Furong garden has set many records, has the largest waterscape performance in the world, is the first "five senses" (i.e. vision, hearing, smell, touch and taste) theme park, has the largest outdoor fragrance project in the world, and is the largest imitation Tang royal building complex in China, integrating Chinese garden and architectural art.
As early as in history, Furong garden is a famous royal garden. In 583 A.D., Emperor Wen of Sui dynasty built "Furong garden" here. Today's Tang Furong garden is built on the original Tang Furong garden site, with a total construction area of nearly 100000 square meters, including pavilions, platforms, buildings, pavilions, pavilions, bridges and corridors. The landscape of the park is divided into 12 cultural theme areas, from the emperor, poetry, folk, food, women, tea culture, religion, science and technology, diplomacy, imperial examination, song and dance, gate characteristics and other aspects to reproduce the brilliant civilization of the Tang Dynasty. There are pavilions, carved beams and painted buildings in the garden, including Ziyun building, ladies' hall, royal banquet palace, Fanglin garden, Fengming Jiutian theater, Xingyuan, Luyu tea house, Tang city and many other scenic spots.
The Tang style ancient architecture in the garden ranks first in China in terms of architectural scale and is the largest architectural complex in the world. It concentrates all the architectural forms of the Tang Dynasty, which is a complete Tang Dynasty architectural textbook. Tang Furong garden follows the principle that ancient architecture should prolong life, not rejuvenate. The design of building materials adopts the combination of brick and tile concrete structure and wood structure, which not only preserves the original appearance of the buildings in the Tang Dynasty, but also makes the ancient buildings undamaged for a long time.
In addition, Tang Furong garden uses various forms of expression to fully and naturally display the culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. We can not only appreciate the sacred and magnificent royal culture, but also see the grand guard of honor of the Tang Dynasty, such as "a hundred emperors' tour of Qujiang", as well as the theme activities such as exploring flowers in Apricot Garden, naming the wild goose pagoda, drinking in Qujiang River, and being an official. Entering Furong garden, every building and landscape has charming allusions and legends. During the stroll, the tall classical buildings and sparkling lights are dazzling. It seems that since the moment I stepped into the gate, I have turned the space and time and dreamt back to the Tang Dynasty.
The construction of Tang Furong garden is the epitome of Chinese garden and architectural art, especially the royal garden with the style of prosperous Tang Dynasty, which once attracted the attention of the world. The design and construction of Tang style architecture and landscape design inherit and develop the construction of Chinese classical architecture and garden. With its unique charm and unparalleled historical status, Tang Furong garden has become a cultural ancestral garden for Chinese people to seek their roots and pursue their dreams and a spiritual home to relive the prosperous times. It is known as "the garden of Chinese history, spirit, nature, humanity and art". It symbolizes the great era of the rise of China and is the totem of China's prosperity in the new century.
Located in the southeast of Dayan Pagoda, Tang Furong garden was built on the original Tang Dynasty Royal Furong garden site. Today, it has the largest imitation Tang architecture group in China. Come here to enjoy the magnificent imitation Tang architecture, the beautiful scenery set off by the lights, and the song and dance dream back to the Tang Dynasty with the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Taking Furong Lake as the geographical center, Tang Furong garden is surrounded by many scenic spots such as ziyunlou, Luyu tea house and Fengming Jiutian theater. The park is further divided into 12 cultural theme areas, which represent the splendid civilization of the Tang Dynasty from the aspects of emperors, poetry, folk, food, singing and dancing.
The night scene in the garden is also very bright. When the night falls and the lights begin to shine, you can see the splendid Tang culture corridor, Fanglin garden, Ziyun building and other places. Against the moonlight and lights, Tang Furong garden is more elegant.
There will also be wonderful performances in the park, including Qitian drum dance, "Jiaofang music and dance" palace performance, "Yanying nishang" costume performance, etc. The world's largest water screen movie, staged every night in the north square of ziyunlou, will bring you a new three-dimensional shock. And the large-scale dance drama "dream back to the Tang Dynasty" staged in Fengming Jiutian theater is a music and dance performance integrating the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the essence of song and dance. For more performances, please refer to the official website.
To visit Furong garden, it is recommended to enter the garden from the west gate (also known as yuyuanmen). After entering the garden, follow the lakeside path and circle the Furong Lake clockwise to visit various scenic spots. In the evening, I went back to the Fengming Jiutian theater near the south gate to enjoy the dream of the Tang Dynasty. In the evening, I watched the water curtain movie in the ziyunlou square to the north of the theater.
Tang Furong garden is the first Tang culture theme park. The largest water screen film in the world. The largest artificial sculpture community in China. The world's largest and most advanced water fire landscape show. The longest corridor of Tang culture in China. "Dream back to the Tang Dynasty" large scale song and dance appreciation. The first five senses (vision, hearing, smell, touch and taste) park in China. The world's largest outdoor fragrance project.
Tang Furong garden is located in Qujiang New District, Southeast of Xi'an. It was built to the north of the original Tang Furong garden site, with a total investment of 1.3 billion yuan. It covers an area of 1000 mu, including 300 mu of water. It is a large-scale theme museum park with water as the core, integrating experience, sightseeing, leisure, catering and entertainment, and concentrating Tang culture. Zhang Jinqiu, academician of Chinese Academy of engineering, is responsible for overall planning and architectural design, while Akiyama Akiyama, a Japanese landscape architect, is responsible for landscape design. Tang Furong garden aims to build a "garden of history, spirit, nature, humanity and art". In particular, more than ten experts from Tang Literature Society of China, including Tang history, Tang poetry, Tang painting, Tang Jian, doctoral tutors, researchers and tourism experts, are invited to re excavate and reorganize the historical and cultural contents of Tang Furong garden The landscape of the park has been re planned and re positioned, and has been divided into 12 landscape cultural expression areas
1. The cultural theme of Damen: creating the spirit of flourishing age and dreaming back to the Empire of Tang Dynasty. Awe the tourists with grand momentum. You can see the grand scene of the Tang Dynasty. Emperor's hometown, dream back to Tang Dynasty. To achieve a theme, a feature, a landscape.
2. The theme of diplomatic culture: the spirit of inclusiveness. It shows the frequent exchange of diplomatic envoys from various countries at that time and the commercial cultural atmosphere of "merchants gathering, internal and external accommodation" among the people. It shows the prosperous scene of "four treasures, all gathered together" in front of the tourists, so that the tourists can personally feel the prosperous era of exchanges between the world and the Tang Empire in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
3. Tea culture theme: three Lu Yu scriptures, seven Lu Tong tea, meeting friends in the window, savoring Zen tea, laughing at Qu Jiangbo, indifferent and detached. It shows the tea ceremony culture of Tang Dynasty. From the development history of world tea culture, both Japanese tea ceremony and Chinese tea ceremony originated in the Tang Dynasty. "Tea ceremony" began to spread and develop after it was put forward in Tang Dynasty.
hello everyone! My surname is su. You can call me "little Su Su".
Welcome to Xi'an. It is an ancient civilized city with a long history. In ancient times, more than ten dynasties including Zhou, Qin, Sui and Tang established their capitals here. Its prosperity has been more than 1100 years. It can be said that Xi'an is an important birthplace of the Chinese nation and Chinese civilization.
There are 72 mausoleums of ancient emperors around Xi'an. There are more than 700 ancient buildings (big wild goose pagoda, small wild goose pagoda, terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang, bell tower, ancient city wall, etc.), as well as Famen Temple in Baoji, Huashan Mountain in Xiyue, Huaqing pool, etc. At the same time, it is also the shooting place of many large-scale TV and movies, such as the front-end hot spots of "that year the moon was full" and "White Deer Plain".
The beauty of Xi'an is more than that. I hope you can experience it yourself.
When it comes to Xi'an food, it's mouth watering. As a native of Shaanxi and a responsible tour guide, I'd like to introduce you to the special food of Xi'an, Shaanxi. 1、 Mutton bubble bun, saw a bowl of thick and authentic mutton soup out, floating on a layer of transparent mutton oil. A basket of pancakes and a few sugar garlic become authentic Shaanxi flavor. 2、 Rougamo, in Xi'an, almost every staple food is made of wheat flour. Rougamo, a thick pancake, is cut into two halves evenly, and stewed pork is the most simple and delicious food. Oil noodles, thorn stem noodles, hollow noodles, Qishan whistle noodles, millet porridge all kinds of. Shaanxi people are looking for the true taste in simplicity.
Oh, let's all get off when we get to the wild geese. Please get off one by one in order. Don't be crowded. When you get off the bus, take the garbage bags with you. Don't litter. Pay attention to protecting the environment and be a civilized outsider with social morality. Thank you!
The beauty of Xi'an is endless. I hope you can enjoy it!
Dear tourists:
There are hundreds of ancient city walls in China, among which the ancient city walls of Beijing, Nanjing and Xi'an are the largest. However, the ancient city walls of Beijing and Nanjing have been demolished or seriously damaged. The ancient city wall of Xi'an, which was built in 1370 ad, is still intact. When Japan came to Xi'an for a visit to China, they did not look at the pit of the terracotta warriors, the "eighth wonder of the world", but boarded the west gate tower, which was built more than 600 years ago, to appreciate the majestic appearance of the ancient city wall. Now, please come with me to visit the ancient city wall of Xi'an.
关于西湖的古诗介绍
在*日的`学*、工作和生活里,大家都经常接触到古诗吧,古诗是古代*诗歌的泛称,在时间上指1840年*战争以前*的诗歌作品。还苦于找不到好的古诗?以下是小编帮大家整理的关于西湖的古诗介绍,欢迎阅读与收藏。
一:《饮湖上初晴后雨》
苏轼(宋)
水光潋滟晴方好,山色空蒙雨亦奇。
欲把西湖比西子,淡妆浓抹总相宜。
二:《春题湖上》
白居易(唐)
湖上春来似画图,乱峰围绕水*铺。
松排山面千重翠,月点波心一颗珠。
碧毯线头抽早稻,青罗裙带展新蒲。
未能抛得杭州去,一半勾留是此湖。
三:《岳鄂王墓》
赵子昂(元)
鄂王墓上草离离,秋日荒凉石兽危。
南渡君臣轻社稷,中原父老望旌旗。
英雄已死嗟何及,天下中分遂不支。
莫向西湖歌此曲,水光山色不胜悲。
四:《杭州回舫》
白居易(唐)
自别钱塘山水后,不多饮酒懒吟诗。
欲将此意凭回棹,报与西湖风月知。
五:《忆西湖》
张煌言(明)
梦里相逢西子湖,谁知梦醒却模糊。
高坟武穆连忠肃,添得新祠一座无。
六:《寄题余杭郡楼兼呈裴使君》
白居易(唐)
官历二十政,宦游三十秋。
江山与风月,最忆是杭州。
北郭沙堤尾,西湖石岸头。
绿觞春送客,红烛夜回舟。
不敢言遗爱,空知念旧游。
凭君吟此句,题向望涛楼。
1、临江仙西湖春泛
作者·赵溍
堤曲朱墙*远,山明碧瓦高低。好风二十四花期。骄总穿柳去,文艗挟春飞。
箫鼓晴雷殷殷,笑歌香雾霏霏,间情不受酒禁持。断肠无立处,斜日欲归时。
2、满庭芳(西湖)
作者·吴潜
春水溶溶,春山漠漠,淡烟浅罩轻笼。危楼阑槛,掠面小东风。又是飞花落絮,芳草暗、万绿成丛。闲徙倚,百年人事,都在画船中。
故园,无恙否,一溪翠竹,两径苍松。更有鱼堪钓,有秫堪舂。底事尘驱物役,空回首、社燕秋鸿。功名已,萧骚短鬓,分付与青铜。
3 、采桑子荷花开后西湖好
作者·欧阳修
荷花开后西湖好,载酒来时。不用旌旗。前后红幢绿盖随。
画船撑入花深处,香泛金卮。烟雨微微。一片笙歌醉里归。
4 、满江红(雨后携家游西湖,荷花盛开)
作者·陈三聘
绀谷浮空,山拥髻、晚来风急。吹骤雨、藕花
千柄,艳妆新浥。窥鉴粉光犹有泪,凌波罗袜何曾湿。讶汉宫、朝罢玉皇归,凝情立。
尊前恨,歌三叠。身外事,轻飞叶。怅当年空系,誓江孤楫。云色远连*野尽,夕阳偏傍疏林入。看月明、冷浸碧琉璃,君须吸。
西安十大旅游景点介绍
西安有很多景点,在这个大城市中沉积着历史遗韵,静静地独守着自己的美,也许连地道的老西安也不曾去过呢!以下是小编为大家整理的西安十大旅游景点介绍,希望对你有所帮助!
1、大雁塔
大雁塔建于唐代永徽三年(公元652年),是玄奘为藏经典而修建,塔身七层,通高64.5米。被视为古都西安的象征。
大雁塔广场以大雁塔为中心,占地*1000亩,包括北广场、南广场、雁塔东苑、雁塔西苑、雁塔南苑、慈恩寺、步行街和商贸区等。
大雁塔北广场位于西安著名的大雁塔脚下,是一个规模宏大的音乐喷泉广场,东西宽218米,南北长346米,为目前全国乃至亚洲最大的喷泉广场。体现出古都王者风范。喷泉位于广场的中轴线上,南北最长约350米,东西最宽处110米,T字型结构,共分为百米瀑布水池、八级叠水池及前端音乐水池三个区域,既可分区独立表演,也可整体表演。喷泉样式多变,水柱形态各异,在灯光的映照下更显娇嫩、多姿。水柱腾空,四散而下,似莲花,状彩蝶,水珠相交,水雾蔓延,又好似千百海鸥振翅、南山茫茫云海。广场中心还有60米高喷水柱。水柱直飞冲天,气势壮观、磅礴。随风散落的颗颗水珠,在灯光的映射下迸发出晶莹的光洁,犹如剔透的珍珠漫天飞舞在广场上空,旋即幻化为肆意的水雾,为大雁塔北广场*添缥缈之气。
此外,广场还兴建有园林景观与陕西民俗文化长廊。音乐喷泉南侧,绿地环绕,青草依依,民俗雕刻散落其间,构成了别有风味的陕西文化景观。
大唐长安,华采纷溢。大雁塔广场塑造出了古城西安的新景象,用清丽的水珠与多彩的生活休闲景观延续着中华文化传承千年的盛世华章。
2、大唐芙蓉园
大唐芙蓉园位于古都西安大雁塔之侧,是*第一个全方位展示盛唐风貌的大型皇家园林式文化主题公园。早在历史上,芙蓉园就是久负盛名的皇家御苑。今天的大唐芙蓉园建于原唐代芙蓉园遗址上,以“走进历史、感受人文、体验生活”为背景,展示了大唐盛世的灿烂文明。
全园景观分为十二个文化主题区域,从帝王、诗歌、民间、饮食、女性、茶文化、宗教、科技、外交、科举、歌舞、大门特色等方面全方位再现了大唐盛世的灿烂文明。园中亭台楼阁、雕梁画栋,包括有紫云楼、仕女馆、御宴宫、芳林苑、凤鸣九天剧院、杏园、陆羽茶社、唐市等众多景点。 园区各景点每天上演各种精彩节目,包括祈天鼓舞、“教坊乐舞”宫廷演出、“艳影霓裳”服饰表演、少林武术表演、舞狮、高跷、杂技等。每晚上演的全球最大水幕电影,集音乐喷泉、激光、火焰、水雷、水雾为一体,带给游客震撼的立体感觉。园区主题演出大型梦幻诗乐舞剧《梦回大唐》恢宏大气,如梦亦幻。每逢节假日,还有各种应景主题活动。
3、曲江海洋世界
主要由海洋馆、海韵广场、海洋商务会所三部分组成。西临闻名中外的大雁塔,南与再现盛唐皇家园林的大型主题公园大唐芙蓉园一路之隔,和曲江南湖、寒窑等文物古迹、人文景观交相辉映,区位优势显赫。
4、西安古城墙
西安城墙景区位于西安市中心区,西安城墙不仅是保存最完整的*古代城垣建筑,也是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代军事城堡设施,是明代初年在唐长安城的皇城基础上建筑起来的,呈长方形,墙高12米,底宽18米,顶宽15米,东墙长2590米,西墙长2631.2米,南墙长3441.6米,北墙长3241米,总周长11.9公里。有城门四座:东长乐门,西安定门,南永宁门,北安远门,每个城门都由箭楼和城楼组成。
自1983年开始的环城建设工程,逐步建成以古城墙为主线,辅以环城绿化,护城河环绕,风格古朴、粗犷,有野趣,具有浓郁地方特色的环城公园。以城墙为主体,包括护城河、吊桥、闸楼、箭楼、正楼、角楼、女儿墙垛口、城门等一系列军事设施,构成严密完整的冷兵器时代城市防御体系,为游客直观了解古代战争提供了珍贵的人文景观。
5、钟楼、鼓楼
钟楼地处西安繁华的东、西、南、北四条大街交汇处,它古时用来在清晨敲钟报时,故称钟楼 。从建成之日起,钟楼就一直被看作是古城西安的象征,现为陕西省重点文物保护单位。以它为中心辐射出东、南、西、北四条大街并分别与明城墙东、南、西、北四门相接,这就是西安人引以为自豪的钟楼。它是我国古代遗留下来许多钟楼中形制最大、保存最完整的一座。
鼓楼,东与钟楼隔广场相望。现为全国重点文物保护单位。楼系古典建筑,基座为长方形,用青砖砌成,楼高33米,面积1924*方米。楼基正中辟有南北券门洞,连通北院门和西大街。建筑结构采用重檐三滴水式与歇山琉璃瓦顶形式,与钟楼相辉映,楼内有梯可上,登至二楼,凭栏可眺望终南山与全城景观。 鼓楼斗拱彩绘,外观庄重绚丽,与钟楼为姐妹楼,亦有 "晨钟暮鼓"之说。
6、半坡遗址
安半坡遗址即半坡遗址博物馆,位于陕西省西安市东郊灞桥区滻河东岸,是黄河流域一处典型的原始社会母系氏族公社村落遗址,属新石器时代仰韶文化,距今6000年左右,是黄河流域规模最大、保存最完整的母系氏族公社村落遗址。
7、骊山、华清池、兵马俑
兵马俑
兵马俑是古代墓葬雕塑的一个类别。古代实行人殉,奴隶是奴隶主生前的附属品,奴隶主死后奴隶要为奴隶主陪葬,是殉葬品。兵马俑即制成兵马(战车、战马、士兵)形状的殉葬品。
华清池
华清池亦名华清宫,位于西安东约30公里的临潼骊山北麓,是*著名的温泉胜地。1982年华清池被列入*第一批重点风景名胜区,西安事变旧址五间厅被列为*第二批重点文物保护单位。1996年,*公布唐华清宫遗址为*第四批重点文物保护单位。
骊山
骊山是秦岭北侧的一个支脉,东西绵延20余公里,最高海拔1256米,远望山势如同一匹骏马,故名骊山。骊山温泉喷涌,风景秀丽多姿,自3000多年前的西周就成为帝王游乐宝地。周、秦、汉、唐以来,这里一直是游览胜地,曾营建过许多离宫别墅,吸引着各代游人。这里有被称为关中八景"之一的"骊山晚照";烽火戏诸侯的"烽火台";纪念西安事变的兵谏亭;纪念女娲补天的老母殿等。
8、华山
华山是我国著名的五岳之一,海拔2154.9米,位于陕西省西安以东120公里历史文化故地渭南市的华阴市境内,北临坦荡的渭河*原和咆哮的黄河,南依秦岭,是秦岭支脉分水脊的北侧的一座花岗岩山。凭藉大自然风云变换的装扮,华山的千姿万态被有声有色的勾画出来,是国家级风景名胜区。另外,山东、山西境内也有两座山名为华山。
9、乾陵、昭陵、法门寺
分别是武则天唐高宗墓、唐太宗李世民墓、天竺如来的舍利佛骨一颗在法门寺,是闻名全国的古刹。
10、书院门、北院门
现在西安人通常所说的书院门,指的是从碑林道关中书院门口的这一条步行街。这条街是青石板铺成的,路两旁都是一些仿古的建筑,建筑里面是一些店铺——卖湖笔端砚的,卖名人字画的,卖古籍的,治印的,每家店铺都装修的古色古香。
北院门位于鼓楼北侧,唐代属皇城范围,尚书省即位于此地。北院门现在虽然被当作了针对外地游客的旅游点,但其实当地居民一直把这里当做吃小吃、逛街休闲的主要场所,尤其是夏天的夜市上在此吃饭纳凉消磨时间的市民的更多。其实整个“回坊”地区都是饭馆林立,各种各样的*食肆与摊点密密麻麻连成一片,其中不乏当地人最认可的老字号小店。
【拓展内容】
西安旅游攻略美食
1、泡馍
泡馍是西安最有名的美食之一了,汤汁鲜美,馍泡在汤汁里软糯可口,是来西安不能错过的美食。
2、小炒泡馍
小炒泡馍是西安人比较喜欢的吃法,把馍和浓厚的酱汁一起翻炒,味道酸辣可口。
3、biangbiang面
biangbiang面又叫做裤带面,超宽的面条配上各种配料拌在一起,才叫一个过瘾。
4、*臊子面
臊子面也是西安的一大特色,面条里有各种各样的佐料,吃起来特别满足。
5、油泼面
面上撒厚厚的辣椒粉,淋上热油,配上各种佐料,香味都被滚烫的'油刺激出来了。
6、手工牛肉面
西安美食大部分都是手工面,现吃现做,面条特别筋道,配上牛肉和汤汁,是来西安必尝的美食。
7、凉皮
凉皮是西安的人气美食之一,做法种类层出不穷,也是来西安必尝的美食之一。
西安主要旅游景点介绍
“旅”是旅行,外出,即为了实现某一目的而在空间上从甲地到乙地的行进过程;“游”是外出游览、观光、娱乐,即为达到这些目的所作的旅行。二者合起来即旅游。下面是小编整理的西安主要旅游景点介绍,欢迎大家分享。
陕西历史博物馆
陕西历史博物馆,是位于陕西西安的一座国家级综合性历史类大型博物馆。筹建于1983年,1991年6月20日落成开放,它的建成标志着*博物馆事业迈入了新的发展里程。陕西历史博物馆以其丰富的文物藏品成为展示陕西历史文化和*古代文明的殿堂,被誉为古都明珠,华夏宝库。
三秦大地是中华民族生息、繁衍,华夏文明诞生、发展的重要地区之一,*历史上最为辉煌的周、秦、汉、唐等十三个王朝曾在这里建都。丰富的文化遗存,深厚的文化积淀,形成了陕西的独特的历史文化风貌,被誉为古都明珠,华夏宝库的陕西历史博物馆则是展示陕西历史文化和*古代文明的艺术殿堂。
陕西历史博物馆是一座综合性历史类博物馆,位于*陕西省西安市雁塔区的小寨东路91号(大雁塔西北侧),是*第一座拥有现代化的设施的大型国家级博物馆。是4A级旅游景点。
陕西历史博物馆建筑的外观着意突出了盛唐风采,馆舍由一组中央殿堂、四隅崇楼的仿唐风格建筑群组成。馆舍布局呈轴线对称,主从有序;中央殿堂,四隅崇楼的结构特点。把唐代古典建筑风格与现代博物馆功能相结合,融*古代宫殿与庭院建筑风格于一体。馆区占地65,000*方米,建筑面积55,600*方米。文物库区面积8000*方米,展厅面积11000*方米。
陕西历史博物馆馆藏文物370,000余件,上起远古人类初始阶段使用的简单石器,下至1840年前社会生活中的各类器物,时间跨度长达一百多万年。*历史上强盛的周、秦、汉、唐等王朝曾在陕西西安附*建都,拥有丰富的文化遗存,深厚的文化积淀,文物数量多、种类全,品位高、价值广,其中有精美的商、周青铜器,千姿百态的历代陶俑,以及汉、唐金银器,唐墓壁画。堪称陕西悠久历史和文化的象征。陕西历史博物馆被誉为华夏珍宝库和中华文明的瑰丽殿堂。
陕西省历史博物馆是遵照**的遗愿建设的。
1973年,**来陕西视察时,有感于陕西丰富的文物资源和已有博物馆小而简陋的状况,提出应在陕西建一座新博物馆的指示。陕西省历史博物馆于1983年筹建,属国家七五计划重点建设项目。鉴于陕西在*历史上的地位,国家和陕西省*共同投资1.44亿人民币兴建陕西历史博物馆。陕西历史博物馆馆舍的设计由*工程院院士、著名建筑设计师张锦秋女士担任。1991年6月20日落成正式对外开放。绝大多数藏品是前陕西省博物馆移交的。
西安自古帝王都,历史上先后有周、秦、汉、唐等十三个封建王朝在此建都,地上地下文物非常丰富。形成了陕西的独特的历史文化风貌。陕西历史博物馆建成后,集中珍藏陕西地区出土的珍贵文物37万余件。比较典型的藏品有以下八大类:
青铜器
已登录注册的有3900多件。藏品时代上起商周,下止秦汉。种类有礼器、乐器、兵器、车马器、生活用品和生产工具。其中最为典型的商周青铜器,许多器物(如多友鼎、师献鼎等)上铸有史料价值很高的铭文。造型较为典型的有先周凤柱斝、西周牛尊、它盉、战国鸟盖瓠壶和汉彩绘雁鱼灯等。
历代陶俑
已注册的有2000多件。藏品时代包括秦、汉、北朝、隋、唐和宋、元、明、清。质地有陶、彩绘陶、釉陶和三彩。艺术形象有文武官员、甲士侍卫、男仆女侍、西域胡人,以及天王、镇墓兽和马、骆驼等各种动物。
历代陶瓷器
已注册的有5000多件。有史前仰韶文化彩陶、西周原始青瓷、汉代釉陶、唐三彩、古玻璃、琉璃、唐秘色瓷和宋耀窑青瓷等。器物种类包括生活用品、文具和殉葬明器等。
历代建材
已注册的有1000多件。藏品时代上起两周秦汉,下至唐宋明清。器物种类有陶制的瓦、瓦当、砖、昭尾、水道和石刻建材,以及金属建筑构件。
汉唐铜镜
已注册的有800多件。造形多样,图案精美。有些还铸刻着吉祥语句。
金银玉器
包括湮金望银的铜器。已注册的有2000多件。其中如西周玉制礼器、春秋秦公大墓出土的金啄木鸟、西汉皇后玉玺、金银竹节铜熏炉和1970年西安何家村唐代窖藏出土的镶金兽首玛瑙杯、八棱乐伎金杯、鎏金舞马衔杯纹银壶、赤金走龙等,均属举世罕见的精品。
历代货币
已注册的有10000多件。未清理造册(即不包括在总藏品数之内)的尚有50000多枚和*7000公斤。种类繁多,有西周贝币、战国刀币、秦半两、西汉金、王五株、王莽时的各种货币、唐金银币以及稀有的古代外币。
除上述八大类外,还有字画、版本、经卷、织物、骨器、木器、漆器、铁器、石器、印章、封泥,以及*现代文物和民俗民族文物。
陕西历史博物馆展厅面积11600多*方米,展出文物精品2700多件,展线总长2300米。展厅跨度大,层位高,视野广阔,照明设备灵活多用。整个陈列分为序言厅、基本陈列、专题展览、临时展览和已开辟为国际画廊的中央大厅等几个部分。馆内设有现代化文物库房、文物保护科技中心、图书馆、具备多种语言同声传译功能的报告厅。
博物馆序言厅位于中央大殿前端,陈列一尊巨大的千年石狮(唐代顺陵石狮复制品),衬以奔腾的黄河和黄土高原巨幅照片,引导观众去领略由黄土、黄河孕育出的古老文明。
陕西历史博物馆的基本陈列为陕西古代文明,2008年正式开放,以历史进程为线索,选取各时代的典型文物进行组合陈列,来揭示陕西地区古代社会文明发展状况。该陈列展出面积5051*方米,展线长1247米,在中央大厅,分上下两层,共三个展室,分为七个部分(史前;周;秦;汉;魏、晋、南北朝;隋、唐;宋、元、明、清)。
第一展馆:第一单元《人猿揖别》,距今115万年前的先民遗存,第二单元《凤鸣*》,西周王都的丰富遗迹,第三单元《东方帝国》,秦帝国以兵马俑为代表的文物;
第二展馆:第四单元《大汉雄风》,汉都长安、汉家陵阙和典型汉代文物,第五单元《冲突融合》,陕西民族大融合、佛教东渐丰富的文化遗存及宗教文物;
第三展馆:第六单元《盛唐气象》,*古代鼎盛时期隋唐时代典型遗存,第七单元《告别帝都》,展示唐以后作为西北区域中心的陕西。
基本陈列精选的2000余件珍贵文物包括:反映古代先民生活情景和艺术追求的丰富多姿的彩陶器皿,反映西周王都兴起与拥有的青铜器,反映秦扫*统一天下的青铜剑、兵马俑等,以及显示秦汉建筑构件、大型瓦当,民族大融合文化遗存、佛教东渐的宗教文物,还有反映盛唐繁荣景象的唐代金银器和唐三彩等等,并配以遗址模型、图表、照片等辅助展品,系统展现自115万年前至1840年期间陕西地区的悠久古代历史和文化。由于*古代社会周、秦、西汉、隋唐几个盛期都是在陕西地区建都的,所以该陈列以这几个时期为重点,反映了陕西地区古代文化,这几个时期*社会经济文化发展的最高水*。
唐墓壁画馆收藏了*20座唐墓的壁画,总藏量约1000*方米。我国历代墓葬壁画,不论是出土数量还是艺术价值,首推唐墓,主要集中在唐都长安周围。由于墓室壁画采取从墓室中将厚度为0点5cm—1cm的画面揭取下来加以保存的异地保存形式,为妥善保护这批壁画真迹,在陕西历史博物馆建馆同时修建了一座现代化的壁画观摩库,对壁画进行收藏、保管,同时便于研究和对外开放。唐墓壁画真品展每周部分时间对外开放。可观赏国宝级和一级品壁画十余幅,其中主要有章怀太子墓出土的马球图、狩猎出行图、客使图、懿德太子墓出土的阙楼图、仪仗图、宫女图等。
1、西周早期【(方舆)左右偏旁yu鼎】通高77,口径56点5厘米。1972年陕西眉县杨家村出土。目前暂存库房,没有在展线上展览。
2、西周中期【五祀卫鼎】通高36点3,口径34点3厘米。1975年*县董家村出土。在一楼西周展览大厅中段。
3、西周晚期【多友鼎】通高51点5厘米,口径50厘米。1980年陕西长安县下泉村出土。在一楼西周展览大厅中段。
4、西汉【皇后玉玺】高2,边长2点8厘米,重33克。1968年陕西咸阳市韩家湾乡狼家沟出土。在二楼西汉展览大厅前段。
5、西汉【鎏金竹节熏香炉】通高58,口径9,底径13点3厘米。1981年陕西兴*县豆马村出土。在二楼西汉展览大厅前段。
6、唐【舞马衔杯纹银壶】高14点3厘米。1970年西安市何家村出土。在二楼隋唐展览大厅中段。
7、唐【阙楼。仪仗图】高28O,宽280厘米。1971年陕西乾县懿德太子墓出土
8、唐【宫女图】高176,宽196.5厘米。1960年陕西乾县唐永泰公主墓出土。
9、唐【马球图】高229,宽688厘米。1971年陕西乾县章怀太子墓出土。
10、唐【狩猎出行图】高100—200,全长890厘米。1971年陕西乾县李贤墓出土。
11、唐【礼宾图】1971年陕西乾县章怀太子墓出土。
以上五组18幅壁画均保存密封库房中,在二楼隋唐展览大厅内均有其复制品供游客欣赏。
12、唐【鸳鸯莲瓣纹金碗(两件)】高5点5厘米,口径13点7厘米,足径6点7厘米。1970年西安市南郊何家村出土。在二楼隋唐展览大厅中段。
13、唐【镶金兽首玛瑙杯】长15点5,口径5点9厘米。1970年西安市南郊何家村出土。在二楼隋唐展览大厅后段。
14、唐【鹦鹉纹提梁银罐】高24点2,口径12点4,足径14点3厘米。1970年西安市南郊何家村出土在二楼隋唐展览大厅中段。
15、唐【三彩载乐骆驼俑】通高58厘米。高24点2,口径12点4,足径14点3厘米。1959年西安市西郊牛堡村唐墓出土。
原件在库房,其仿制品在二楼隋唐展览大厅后段。
关于介绍西安的英语小短文
作为十三朝古都,西安文化底蕴浓厚。西安方言中也保存了大量的古字、词语、句型和读音。小编精心收集了关于介绍西安的英语小短文,供大家欣赏学*!
Xi'an is a beautiful city with a very colorful history.There are so many famous buildings in xian,such as clay sulelievs,Banpo village museum and so on.If one day you come to Xi'an,you'd better visit some places of interest,so that you can learn more knowledges about this city.At last,I'm sure that you can have a great time in Xi'an.
Xi'an (Chinese:西安),is the capital of the Shanxi province in the People's Republic of China .As one of the oldest cities in Chinese history,Xi'an is one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China because it has been the capital of some of the most important dynasties in Chinese history,including the Zhou,Qin,Han,the Sui,and Tang dynasties.Xi'an is the eastern end of the Silk Road .The city has more than 3,100 years of history,and was known as Chang'an (traditional Chinese:长安).
Long holidays are usual during Spring Festival,Labor Holiday (1-7 May),and National Holiday (1-7 October).The number of travellers is often greater during Summer (May-August),although the most pleasant season for visiting Xi'an is Autumn.
The city of xi 'an is my beautiful home, which has the wall, the wild goose pagoda, the drum tower, the terracotta warriors... It is. My family has my familiar smiling face, familiar family, xi 'an is the city of the city is my honor and my pride.
In the spring of a lot of people gathered outside the wild goose pagoda, because they know that master xuan zang in starting to get true through, so the people respect him very much as the quality of the firm and meticulous spirit, where there will be a wonderful fountain performance and a wonderful song.
In the summer the Terra Cotta Warriors gathered a lot of Chinese and foreign tourists, they take up the sun fire here will be very hard, of course we will not abuse their.
The bells and drums of the bell tower are so wonderful in autumn.
All the buildings in the winter are covered, the white snow is so beautiful!
My name is xian Xu , and I will graduate from Xi’an FanYi University in the year 2015, My major is secretary in English department.
It’s my great pleasure to have this opportunity to improve our mutual understanding. During the three –year college study, I tried my best to learn all kinds of knowledge, and weigh the hard work of my teachers and myself; I have mastered English listening, speaking, writing and reading skills.
Moreover, I have a good command of Business English and the basic theory, public relationship of secretary. Meanwhile, in order to enlarge my knowledge, I always read some newspapers and magazines about business and trade, and I used to do some representative of business in my spare time. At the same time, I learnt com*r skills during my summer vacation, and now I’m familiar with Office 2000. It is my three –year college life that makes me form my life attitude. Also my three-year college life that makes me rich in knowledge, and it’s also my three-year college life that makes me form my life attitude. Honesty, Trust, Diligence is principle of how to be a man.
As a college graduate, I believe “where there is a will, there is a way”, and I will try my best to do a good job in my business. So I sincerely hope that I can make a position in your company so that I can serve for the company in the future.
《春日偶成》古诗介绍
《春日偶成》是宋代诗人程颢创作的一首七言绝句,作者用白描的手法,勾勒出风和日丽的春日景色。前两句写景,后两句抒情。一起来看看古诗介绍,仅供大家参考!谢谢!
春日偶成⑴
云淡风轻*午天⑵,傍花随柳过前川⑶。
时人不识余心乐⑷,将谓偷闲学少年⑸。
【词句注释】
⑴偶成:偶然写成。
⑵云淡:云层淡薄,指晴朗的天气。 午天:指中午的太阳。
⑶傍花随柳:傍随于花柳之间。傍,靠*,依靠。随,沿着。 川:瀑布或河畔。
⑷时人:一作“旁人”。 余心:我的心。余:一作“予”,我。
⑸将谓:就以为。将:乃,于是,就。 偷闲:忙中抽出空闲的时间。
【韵译】
云儿淡,风儿轻,时*春日中午,
傍着花,随着柳,我向河岸漫步。
这惬意的春游呀,人们并不了解,
将会说我忙里偷闲,强学少年童。
【散译】
淡淡的云在天上飘,风儿吹拂着我的脸庞,此时此刻已*正午,我穿行于花丛之中,沿着绿柳,不知不觉间来到了前面的河边。当时的人不理解我此时此刻我内心的快乐,还以为我在学年轻人的模样,趁着大好时光忙里偷闲呢。
【创作背景】
这首诗是程颢任陕西鄠县主簿时春日郊游,即景生情写下来的。诗人是宋代有名的理学家,长期困在书斋里,少有闲暇宽怀的时候。一旦走出书斋,回到大自然中,便觉得格外爽快,那种怡然自得的心情不言而喻。
教学目标:
1、能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文,背诵两首古诗。
2、学会本课的3个生字,理解词语及诗句的意思。
3、想象古诗描绘的画面,感受古诗语言与意境的美,培养学生对然美和艺术美的鉴赏能力。
教学重点:
1、通过诵读,理解诗句的含义,体会诗歌的意境,熟读成诵。
2、结合古诗简洁的语言想象丰富的画面,先说再写。
教学难点:
1、诵读古诗,体会作者从听觉、触觉、视觉等多角度观察事物的方法。学*作者边观察边想像以及动用各种感官从多角度观察事物的方法。
2、透过诗中描写的景物,体会作者的思想感情,并把自己的感受写下来。
教学准备:
1、师生查找有关诗人、诗作的相关资料。
2、教学挂图。
教学时间:
三课时
教学过程:
第一课时
一、调动积累,揭示课题
1、启发学生回忆背诵过的描写春天景色的古诗。
2、引出诗题江南春:顾名思义,江南的春天。全诗描写了江南春天的绮丽景色。
3、介绍作者:杜牧,字牧之,今陕西省西安市人。二十六岁中进土曾做过幕僚,很不得志。他关心民生疾苦,在任地方官期间为人民做了一些好事。他和李商隐齐名,世称小李杜 。
二、自学古诗,整体感知
1、学生自由诵读古诗。
要求:(1)读准字音,注意节奏。
(2)边读边想诗句的意思,画出不理解的词句。
2、借助工具书,自己理解诗意。
3、小组合作学*,弄懂诗意。
4、检查学*效果
(1)指名朗读,集体正音。然后齐读全诗,注意停顿。
(2)解释词语:
绿映红、水村山郭、酒旗风、南朝、楼台、四百八十寺
《古诗十九首》整体介绍
《古诗十九首》是*古代文人五言诗选辑,由南朝萧统从传世无名氏古诗中选录十九首编入《文选》而成。下面是关于《古诗十九首》整体介绍的内容,欢迎阅读!
以前我曾提到,汉初的诗歌有几种不同的体式,有四言体、楚歌体、杂言体,还有新兴的五言体,也就是五言的乐府诗。现在我们首先要明确的是:《古诗十九首》不是乐府诗。严格地说,它是受五言乐府诗的影响而形成的我国最早的五言古诗。《昭明文选》最早把这十九首诗编辑在一起,并为它们加了一个总的题目——“古诗十九首”。
许多人认为,《古诗十九首》在*诗歌史上是继《诗经》、《楚辞》之后的一组最重要的作品。因为,从《古诗十九首》开始,*的诗歌就脱离了《诗经》的四言体式,脱离了《楚辞》的骚体和楚歌体,开沿袭两千年之久的五七言体式。在*的旧诗里,人们写得最多的就是五言诗和七言诗。直到今天,写旧诗的人仍以五言和七言为主。而《古诗十九首》,就是五言古诗中最早期、最成熟的代表作品。它在谋篇、遣词、表情、达意等各方面,都对我国旧诗产生了极深远的影响。然而奇怪的是,如此杰出、如此重要的一组诗,我们大家却始终不知道谁是它们的作者!
晚唐诗人李商隐曾写过一组非常美丽的诗——《燕台四首》。有一次,他的一个叔伯兄弟吟诵他写的这四首诗,被一个叫作柳枝的女孩子听到了,就十分惊奇地问: “谁人有此?谁人为是?”这两句话里充满了内心受到感动之后的惊喜和爱慕,意思是什么人的内心竟有如此幽微窈眇的感情,而且竟有这么好的写作才能把它们表现出来?我之所以提到这个故事,是因为每当我读古诗十九首的时候,内心之中也常常萦绕着同样的感情和同样的问题。这十九首诗写得真是好,它有非常丰厚的内涵,外表却很*淡。后来的诗人也能写很好的诗,但总是不如十九首这样温厚缠绵。比如卢照邻有两句诗说:“得成比目何辞死,愿做鸳鸯不羡仙”,写得当然也很好,可是你要知道,这两句太逞才使气。也就是说,他有意地要把话说得漂亮,说得有力量,结果在感情上反而太浅露了。诗人写诗讲究“诗眼”,就是一首诗里边写得最好的一个字。例如王安石有一句“春风又绿江南岸”,据说他在诗稿上改过好几次,写过“又到”、“又过”、“又满”,最后才改成“又绿”,这个“绿” 字就是诗眼。因为江南的草都绿了,其中不但包括了“到”、“过”和“满”的意思,而且“绿”字又是那么鲜明和充满了生命力的颜色,改得确实是好。但《古诗十九首》不属于这一类,你不能从中挑出它的哪一句或哪一个字最好,因为作者的感情贯注在全诗之中,它整个是浑成的,全诗都好,根本就无法摘字摘句。更何况,这十九首诗互相比较,其水准也不相上下,全都是这么好。这就更加使人想知道它们的作者:到底是什么时代的什么人,能够写出这么奇妙的一组作品来呢?
这是一个很复杂的问题。而大家探讨的结果,就有了许多不同的说法。现在,我就把其中几种最早的、最重要的说法作一个简单的介绍。
首先是刘勰的《文心雕龙·明诗篇》说: “至成帝品录,三百余篇,朝章国采,亦云周备,而词人遗翰,莫见五言。”又说:“古诗佳丽,或称枚叔,其《孤竹》一篇,则傅毅之词,比采而推,两汉之作乎?”刘勰说,西汉成帝时曾编选了当时流传下来的文学作品,共有三百多篇,但这些作品里并没有五言诗。可是他又说,现在传下来的这一组非常好的古诗,有人说是枚叔的作品,而其中的《孤竹》那一篇,则是傅毅的作品。枚叔即枚乘,是西汉景帝时的人,傅毅是东汉明帝、章帝时的人。现在我们先来讨论枚乘,等一下再说傅毅。大家知道,景帝的时代比成帝早得多,如果景帝时代的枚乘写出了这么多这么好的五言诗,那么成帝时代编选作品时怎么会不选这些诗呢?这已经是一个问题。但认为这些诗里有枚乘作品的,还有徐陵。他编的《玉台新咏》中,收了九首枚乘的诗,其中有八首在《古诗十九首》之内。然而,刘勰、徐陵和昭明太子萧统都是南北朝时代的人,以《昭明文选》、《文心雕龙》和《玉台新咏》这三部书相比较,《玉台新咏》成书年代最晚。《昭明文选}选了这一组诗,标为“古诗十九首”,说明萧统当时不知道它们的作者;《文心雕龙》说“古诗佳丽,或称枚叔”,说明刘勰也不敢确指枚乘就是这些诗的作者;那么徐比他们的年代稍晚,怎么反而能够确定枚乘是它们的作者呢?更何况,徐陵编书的态度是比较不认真的,因此他的说法并不可信。其实,比他们年代更早的,还有陆机。陆机曾写过十四首拟古诗,其中有一部分所拟的就是徐陵认为是枚乘所写的那些作品。但陆机只说是拟古诗,却没有说是拟枚乘。这也可以证明,在陆机的时代,人们也不以为这些古诗是枚乘的作品。
所以,钟嵘《诗品》就又提出了另一种看法。他说: “陆机所拟十四首,文温以丽,意悲而远,惊心动魄,可谓几乎一字干金。其外‘去者日以疏’四十五首,虽多哀怨,颇为总杂,旧疑是建安中曹王所制。”所谓“曹王”,指的是建安时代的曹氏父子和王粲等人。
你们看,现在已经有了好几个可能的作者了。一个是西汉景帝时的枚乘,一个是东汉明帝、章帝时代的傅毅,一个是东汉献帝建安时代的曹王等人。刘勰说《孤竹》一篇是傅毅所作,傅毅与《汉书》的作者班固同时,但《汉书·艺文志》里并没有记载他写过五言诗之类的作品。而且傅毅与班固齐名,《诗品序》中曾批评班固的《咏史》“质木无文”,那么傅毅似乎也不大可能写出如此谐美的五言诗作品,因此傅毅之说也是不可信的。既然如此,建安曹王的说法是否可信呢?我以为也不可信,因为《古诗十九首》与建安曹王作品的风格大不相同。而且曹丕在一些文章中对王粲等建安七子的诗都有所评论,却从来没有提到过他们之中有哪一个人写过这么好的十九首诗。
给《昭明文选》作注解的李善说得比较谨慎。他说:“并云古诗,盖不知作者,或云枚乘,疑不能明也。诗云, ‘驱车上东门’,又云‘游戏宛与洛’,此则辞兼东都,非尽是乘,明矣。昭明以失其姓氏,故编在李陵之上。”所谓“辞兼东都”是说,这十九首诗中应该兼有东汉的作品。为什么这样说呢?因为西汉建都长安,东汉建都洛阳,“上东门”是洛阳的城门,“宛与洛”也是指洛阳一带地方。只有在东汉的时代,洛阳才这样繁华兴旺。李善并没有否定诗中有西汉枚乘的作品,但又指出诗中可能兼有东汉的作品,所以说这种说法是比较谨慎的。于是后人因此又有了“词兼两汉”的说法,认为《古诗十九首》中既有西汉的作品,也有东汉的作品。这种说法,表面上看起来虽然很通达,其实也不能够成立。
为什么不能成立?因为从西汉景帝到东汉建安,前后相去有三百年之久,而这十九首诗所表现的风格,却绝不像是相差百年以上的作品。综观文学演进的历史,不同时代一定有不同的风格。唐朝一共不过二百八十多年,诗风已经有初、盛、中、晚的变化。就拿北宋词来说,早期的晏、欧,后来的柳永、苏轼,再后来的秦少游、周邦彦,他们的风格是多么不同!可是《古诗十九首》的风格内容相当*似,如果说二三百年之间的作品都在里边,那是绝对不可能的事情。所以我个人以为,这十九首诗都是东汉时代的作品。由于班固的《汉书·艺文志》对这些诗没有记载,所以它们应该是在班固、傅毅之后出现的,但下限则应该在建安曹王之前。因为,建安时代诗风有了一个很大的变化,等到讲建安诗的时候你们就会看到:由于时代的影响,三曹、王粲等人的诗已经写得非常发扬显露,不再有《古诗十九首》温厚含蓄的作风了。
可是实际上, 《古诗十九首》全部为东汉作品的说法多年来一直不能够成为一个定论。为什么不能成为定论?因为大家都不敢断定这里边肯定就没有西汉之作。原因何在呢?就在于十九首中有这样一首诗——《明月皎夜光》。
明月皎夜光,促织鸣东壁。玉衡指孟冬,众星何历历。 白露沾野草, 时节忽复易。秋蝉呜树间, 玄鸟逝安适。昔我同门友,高举振六翮。不念携手好, 弃我如遗迹。南箕北有斗,牵牛不负轭。 良无磐石固,虚名复何益。
这首诗里写了“促织”,写了“白露”,写了“秋蝉”,完全是秋天的景物,时间应该是在初秋季节。但诗中却说,“玉衡指孟冬”。孟冬是初冬的季节,但为什么诗中所写的景物却都是初秋季节的景物呢?注解《昭明文选》的李善认为,这里边有一个历法问题。大家知道,汉朝自汉武帝太初元年开始使用太初历,太初历与我们今天使用的夏历基本相同。但在汉武帝之前人们使用什么历法呢?李善说:“《汉书》曰:高祖十月至霸上,故以十月为岁首。汉之孟冬,今之七月矣。”他认为,汉高祖刘邦打败秦军来到长安附*的霸上时,正好是十月,于是就把十月定为一年的开始。也就是说,当时把夏历的十月叫作正月。如果依此推算一下,则夏历的七月就应该叫作十月,十月当然属于孟冬了。李善认为,这首诗的作者既然把初秋的季节称为孟冬,那么他就一定是汉武帝太初时代之前的人,那当然就是西汉初年的作品了。
但我以为李善的说法有错误。要想说明这个问题,涉及很多历史文化的知识,所以我只能作一个简单的说明。我以为,“玉衡指孟冬”并非说此时就是孟冬季节,而是在描写夜深之时天空的景象。古人把天空分为十二个方位,分别用子丑寅卯辰巳午未申酉戌亥十二地支的名称来命名,而这十二个方位,又分别代表一年四季的十二个月。旧时过年贴对联,有一个横联叫作“斗柄回寅”,意思是,北斗七星的斗柄现在已经转回来指到“寅”的方位上了。按夏历来说,这个时候就是正月孟春,是一年的开始。既然斗柄指到寅的方位时是正月孟春,那么以此类推,当斗柄指到卯的方位时就是二月仲春,指到辰的方位时是三月季春,指到巳的方位时是四月孟夏……。不过,这只是夏历,而夏商周三代的历法是不同的,夏建寅,商建丑,周建子。也就是说,商历的正月是夏历的十二月,周历的正月是夏历的十一月。两千多年来,我们所一直沿用的,乃是夏历。
然而不要忘记,地球既有自转又有公转,北斗七星不但在不同季节指着不同的方位,就是在一夜之间,也同样流转指向不同方位。只不过,随着季节的不同,它指向这些方位的时间的早晚也在变化。因此,仅仅“玉衡指孟冬”并不能判断是在什么季节,要想判断季节,还必须知道玉衡是在夜晚什么时辰指向孟冬的。也就是说,这里边有一个观测时间的问题。
“玉衡”是什么意思呢?它是北斗七星中的第五颗星。 “孟冬”,当然指的是天上十二方位中代表孟冬季节的那个方位——我们推算一下,应该是“亥”的方位。在北斗七星之中,从第一个星到第四个星分别叫天枢、天璇、天玑、天权,它们合起来称为“斗魁”;从第五个星到第七个星分别叫玉衡、开阳、招摇,它们合起来称为“斗杓”。“杓”字读作biao(*),就是斗柄的意思。 《史记·天官书》说: “北斗七星,……用昏建者杓,……夜半建者衡,……*旦建者魁。”所谓“建”,就是建历的依据,就是说:如果你在黄昏的时候观测北斗,则以杓——即斗柄的最后一颗星招摇——所指的方位为依据;如果你在夜半观测,则以玉衡所指的方位为依据;如果你在凌晨观测,则以魁——即斗首第一颗星天枢——所指的方向为依据。有了这个观测时间的标准,我们就可以知道:在孟秋季节的黄昏时分,招摇指在孟秋的方位——我们推算一下,应该是“申”的方位。这也就是《淮南子》所说的“孟秋之月,招摇指申”。但倘若你在夜半观测呢?那时指在申位的就不是招摇,而是玉衡了。如果你在*明观测,则指在申位的又不是玉衡,而变成了天枢。北斗七星是在转的,玉衡在半夜时指着申的方位,而在后半夜到黎明这一段时间,它就逐渐转向亥的方位,也就是孟冬的方位。在这同一时间里,天枢就逐渐转向申的方位,即孟秋的方位。所以如果你在凌晨时观测,就不能再以玉衡所指的方位为标准,而要以天枢所指的方位为标准了。这件事说起来好像很复杂,其实,在秋天的夜空,这景象是历历可见的。
既然如此, “玉衡指孟冬”的意思就显而易见了:它指的是时间而不是季节,是在孟秋七月的夜半以后到凌晨之前这一段时间。这时候玉衡正在慢慢地离开代表孟秋的“申”的方位,慢慢地指向代表孟冬的“亥”的方位。夜深入静,星月皎洁,再加上“促织”、“白露”、“秋蝉”等形象的描写,就烘托出一幅寒冷、静谧的秋夜景象来。所以我以为,李善的错误在于他忽略了在不同的时间观测应该以不同的星作为依据;同时又把指方位的“孟冬”解释为真的孟冬季节,这才造成了诗中所写景象与季节的矛盾。而为了解释这个矛盾,他又搬来了“汉初以十月为岁首”的说法。这个说法,其实也是不能够成立的。因为所谓“汉初以十月为岁首”只是把十月当成一年的开始,并没有改变季节和月份的名称。《史记》、《汉书》在太初之前的诸帝本纪中,每年都以冬十月为开始,虽然是一年的开始,但仍然称“冬”,仍然称 “十月”。这与夏商周之间的改历是不同的。所以王先谦的《汉书补注》在汉高祖元年叙事到“春正月”的时候,曾加以注解说:“秦二世二年,及此元年,皆先言十月,次十一月,次十二月,次正月,俱谓建寅之月为正月也,秦历以十月为岁首,汉太初历以正月为岁首,岁首虽异,而以建寅之月为正月则相同,太初元年正历,但改岁首,未尝改月号也。”这些话足以为证,因此,李善所谓“汉之孟冬,今之七月”的说法是完全不可信的。
既然主张《古诗十九首》中有西汉之作的一条最有力的证据现在也被推翻,那么就可以下一个结论了。我以为,这十九首诗无论就其风格来判断,还是就其所用的词语地名来判断,都应当是东汉之作,而不可能是西汉之作。更何况,这十九首诗中所表现的一部分有关及时行乐的消极颓废之人生观,也很像东汉的衰世之音。因此,它们很可能是班固、傅毅之后到建安曹王之前这一段时期的作品。
《古诗十九首》的文字是非常简单朴实的,然而它的含意却十分幽微,容易引人产生联想。清代学者方东树在他的《昭昧詹言》中说,“十九首须识其‘天衣无缝’ 处”。什么叫“天衣无缝”?就是说,这些诗写得自然浑成,看不到一点儿人工剪裁的痕迹。我们读不同的诗要懂得用不同的方法去欣赏。有的诗是以一字一句见长的,它的好处在于其中有某一个字或某一句写得特别好。因此,有些人就专门在字句上下功夫。在*文学的历史上流传了很多这样的故事,刚才举过王安石的“春风又绿江南岸”,就是其中的一个。另外还有一个有名的故事,说是唐代诗人贾岛在马背上得了两句诗“鸟宿池边树,僧推月下门”,他想把“推”字改成“敲” 字,自己又拿不定主意,坐在马背上想得入神,一下子就冲进京兆尹韩愈出行的队伍,被众人拿下送到韩面前。韩愈也是有名的诗人,不但没怪罪他,反而帮他斟酌了半天,最后决定还是用“敲”字更好。为什么“敲”字更好?因为诗人所要表现的是深夜的寂静,推门没有声音,当然也很寂静,可是在万籁无声之中忽然响起一个敲门的声音,有时候反而更能衬托出周围的寂静。因此,后来很多学写诗的人就专门在“诗眼”和“句眼”上下功夫,费尽了“推敲”。我当然不是说修辞不重要,可是要知道,更好的诗其实是浑然天成的,根本就看不出其中哪一个字是“眼”。比如杜甫的《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字》,每一个字都有他感发的力量。杜甫《羌村》中有一句“群鸡正乱叫”,如果单看这一句,这算什么诗?然而这是一首感情深厚的好诗。杜甫把他的妻子、家人安置在羌村,自己去投奔唐肃宗。后来他被叛军俘虏到长安,从长安逃出来又几乎死在道路上,而在这段时间,羌村一带也被叛军占领过,听人传说叛军把那个小村庄杀得鸡犬不留。在经历过这么多忧患危险之后,诗人终于得到机会回羌村去看望他的妻子、家人。试想,当他见到“群鸡正乱叫”这种战前常见的*安景象时,心中会产生多么美好和安定的感觉!如果你不读他整个的一首诗,如果你不知道那些背景,你怎能知道“群鸡正乱叫”的好处?不但杜甫如此,陶渊明也是如此。凡是最好的诗人,都不是用文字写诗,而是用自己整个的生命去写诗的。
前几天我偶然看到一篇文章,内容是谈论*来的学术风气。文章说,*千百年来传统的'学术风气是把为人与为学结合在一起的。*历史上那些伟大诗篇的好处都不仅在于诗歌的艺术,更在于作者光明俊伟的人格对读者的感动。那篇文章还说,现在的风气是把学问都商品化了,大家都急功*利,很多做学问的人都想用最讨巧的、最省事的、最方便的办法得到最大的成果。这是一种堕落。古人讲为学、为师,是要把整个一生都投入进去结合在一起的,而现在讲诗的人讲得很好,理论很多,分析得很细腻,为什么没有培养出伟大的诗人?就因为没有这个结合。诗人如此,诗也是如此。真正的好诗是浑然一体的诗。对这样的诗,你要掌握它真正的精神、感情和生命之所在,而不要摘取一字一句去分析它的好处。
除了浑成之外,《古诗十九首》另一个特点是引人产生自由联想。我实在要说,《古诗十九首》在这一点上与《红楼梦》颇有相似之处。第一,它们对读者的感动都是事实而且是多方面的;第二,《红楼梦》后四十回究竟是谁所作?同样一直成为一个疑问,因而使人们难以确定它的主题。它果然是写宝玉和黛玉的恋爱故事吗? 还是如王国维所说的,要写人生痛苦悲哀的一种哲理?抑或如大陆批评家们所说的,是要写封建社会官僚贵族阶级的腐败堕落?它到底要说些什么?要写怎样一个主题?每个人都可以有很多联想,每个人都可以看出不同的道理来。如果我们讲杜甫的诗,我们可以用唐朝那一段历史和杜甫的生*来做印证,多半就能知道他写的是什么事情。但这个办法对《古诗十九首》不行,我们只能感觉出他有深微的意思,但究竟寓托的是什么?我们无法通过考证来确定,原因就在于我们不知道确切的作者。然而,这是一件坏事吗?我说也不一定。
刚才我引过刘勰《文心雕龙·明诗》的“古诗佳丽,或称枚叔”一段,其实那一段接下来还有几句:“观其结体散文,直而不野,婉转附物,怊怅切情,实五言之冠冕也。”我不久前曾在美国西部转印的香港《大公报》上看到一篇文章,他把刘勰这句话中“结体散文”的“散文”两个字解释为文学体裁中的“散文”。我以为这是不对的,古人没有这种用法。事实上, “结体”和“散文”是两个对称的动宾结构。“结体”,是说它构成的体式;“散文”是说它分布的文辞。刘勰的意思是说:如果我们看一看《古诗十九首》体裁的结构和对文辞的使用,我们就会发现,它的特色是“直而不野”。也就是说,它写得很朴实,但不浅薄。我们大家都读过李白和杜甫的诗,在读过李杜的诗之后再返回来看《古诗十九首》,你就会发现:当你第一眼看上去的时候,《古诗十九首》并不像李白的诗那样给你一个很鲜明的印象和感动;也不像杜甫的诗那样使你感到他真是在用力量。你会觉得,《古诗十九首》所说的都是极为普通、寻常的话,可是如果反复吟诵,就越来越觉得它有深厚的味道。而且,你年轻时读它们有一种感受;等你年岁大了再读它们,又会有不同的感受。所谓“婉转附物”的“物”,指的是物象。作者把他内心那些千回百转的感情借外在的物象表达出来,就是婉转附物。在我们*诗歌的传统里,这属于“比”和“兴”的方法。《古诗十九首》善用比兴,这个特点等下一次我们看具体作品时将作更详细的介绍。什么叫“怊怅切情”呢?“怊怅”与我们现在所说“惆怅”的意思差不多,那是一种若有所失、若有所求、却又难以明白地表达出来的一种感情,也是诗人们常常具有的一种感情。因为,凡是真正的诗人都有一颗非常敏感的心灵,常常有一种对于高远和完美的追求,这种追求不是后天学*所得,而是他天生下来就有的。一首好诗,往往能很好地表现出诗人的这种感情。“切”是切合,就是说能够表现得深刻而真切。我们都说杜甫的诗好,为什么好?就是因为他能够把他的感情恰到好处地表现出来。假如你把你内心的感情表达得不够,那当然是失败的,可是你把你的感情夸大了,超出了实际情况,那也不是好诗。现在我们就要注意,把你内心的情意直接而且深刻地表达出来,这在*诗歌传统中属于什么方法?我以前讲过,是“赋”的方法。所以你们看,《古诗十九首》可以说是很成功地结合了*最传统的赋、比、兴的写作方法,因而形成了我国早期五言诗最好的代表作。
与此看法类似的还有明代学者胡应麟。他在《诗薮》中曾评论这些诗,说它们“兴象玲珑,意致深婉,真可以泣鬼神,动天地”。“兴象”两个字很简单,但却代表了心与物之间的很复杂的关系,既包括由心及物的“比”,也包括由物及心的“兴”。“玲珑”在这里有贯通、穿透的意思,就是说,它的感发与它的意象之间都是能够贯穿、可以打通的。“意致深婉”的意思是说,那种感情的姿态,在诗中表现得不但很深厚,而且很婉转。因此胡应麟说,像《古诗十九首》这样的诗,不但人会被它感动,连天地和鬼神也会被它所感动。另外,刚才我还引过钟嵘《诗品》中的一段话,其中也给了这些诗很高的评价,说它们“文温以丽,意悲而远,惊心动魄,可谓几乎一字千金”。“温”,就是我在前边说过的那种温柔敦厚的感情;“丽”,是说它们写得也很美;“悲”,是指诗中所写的那些不得意的悲慨; “远”,是说它给读者的回味是无穷无尽的。因此,每个人看了这些诗内心都会发生震动,认为它们真是“一字千金”的好诗。
最后,我还要强调一个问题:在一般选本中,对《古诗十九首》往往只选其中的几首,但如果你要想真正了解《古诗十九首》,真正得到诗中那种温厚缠绵的感受,只读几首是不够的,必须把它们全部读下来。因为这十九首诗在风格和内容上虽然有一致性,实际上又各有各的特点。如果你会吟诵的方法,那就更好。吟诵,是*旧诗传统中的一个特色。我以为,它是深入了解旧诗语言的一个很好的方法,因为它能够培养出在感发和联想中辨析精微的能力。当你用吟诵的调子来反复读这十九首诗的时候,你就会“涵泳其间”,也就是说,你会像鱼游在水里一样,被它的那种情调气氛整个儿地包围起来,从而就会有更深的理解和体会。
对古诗十九首整体的介绍就到此为止。
王维的古代诗句介绍
王维,唐朝河东蒲州(今山西运城)人,祖籍山西祁县,唐朝著名诗人、画家,字摩诘,号摩诘居士。王维的古代诗句介绍,我们来看看。
1、洛阳女儿对门居,才可容颜十五余。《洛阳女儿行》——王维的古代诗句介绍
2、谁怜越女颜如玉,贫贱江头自浣纱。《洛阳女儿行》——王维的古代诗句介绍
3、遥知兄弟登高处,遍插茱萸少一人。《九月九日忆山东兄弟》——王维的.古代诗句介绍
4、明月松间照,清泉石上流。《山居秋暝》——王维的古代诗句介绍
5、红豆生南国,春来发几枝?《相思》——王维的古代诗句介绍
6、空山不见人,但闻人语响。《鹿柴》——王维的古代诗句介绍
7、深林人不知,明月来相照。《竹里馆》——王维的古代诗句介绍
8、月出惊山鸟,时鸣春涧中。《鸟鸣涧》——王维的古代诗句介绍
9、风劲角弓鸣,将军猎渭城。《观猎》
10、空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。《山居秋暝》
11、山路元无雨,空翠湿人衣。《山中》
12、渭城朝雨浥轻尘,客舍青青柳色新。《送元二使安西》
13、草枯鹰眼疾,雪尽马蹄轻。《观猎》
14、来日绮窗前,寒梅著花未。《杂诗三首》
15、独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。《九月九日忆山东兄弟》
16、劝君更尽一杯酒,西出阳关无故人。《送元二使安西》
17、明年春草绿, 王孙归不归?《山中送别》
18、但去莫复问,白云无尽时。《送别》
19、涧户寂无人,纷纷开自落。《辛夷坞》
20、斜光照墟落,穷巷牛羊归。《渭川田家》
21、行到水穷处,坐看云起时。《终南别业》
22、君自故乡来,应知故乡事。《杂诗·君自故乡来》
23、君言不得意,归卧南山陲。《送别》
24、大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆。《使至塞上》
25、漠漠水田飞白鹭,阴阴夏木啭黄鹂。《积雨辋川庄作》
26、春窗曙灭九微火,九微片片飞花琐。《洛阳女儿行》
27、城中相识尽繁华,日夜经过赵李家。《洛阳女儿行》
28、请留磐石上,垂钓将已矣。《青溪》
29、春来遍是桃花水,不辨仙源何处寻。《桃源行》
30、倚杖柴门外,临风听暮蝉。《辋川闲居赠裴秀才迪》
31、朝为越溪女,暮作吴宫妃。《西施咏》——王维的古代诗句介绍
32、白云回望合,青霭入看无。《终南山》——王维的古代诗句介绍
33、欲投人处宿,隔水问樵夫。《终南山》——王维的古代诗句介绍
34、归燕识故巢,旧人看新历。《春中田园》——王维的古代诗句介绍
35、江流天地外,山色有无中。《汉江临眺》——王维的古代诗句介绍
1、山中相送罢,日暮掩柴扉。春草明年绿,王孙归不归?诗作:《送别》
2、劝君更尽一杯酒,西出阳关无故人。诗作:《渭城曲》
3、青草瘴时过夏口,白头浪里出湓城。长沙不久留才子,贾谊何须吊屈*。诗作:《送杨少府贬郴州》
4、寒山转苍翠,秋水日潺潺。倚杖柴门外,临风听暮蝉。渡头余落日,墟里上孤烟。夏值接舆醉,狂歌五柳前。诗作:《辋川闲居赠裴秀才迪》
5、避人五陵去, 宝剑值千金。 分手脱相赠, *生一片心。诗作:《送朱大入秦》
6、岸上火兮相迎,将夜入兮边城。鞍马归兮佳人散,怅离忧兮独含情。诗作:《双黄鹄歌送别》
7、鱼笺请诗赋,幢布作衣裳。薏苡扶衰病,归来幸可将。诗作:《送李员外贤郎》
8、杨柳渡头行客稀,罟师荡桨向临圻。惟有相思似春色,江南江北送春归。诗作:《送沈子福归江东》
9、言入黄花川,每逐青溪水。随山将万转,趣途无百里。诗作:《青溪》
10、下马饮君酒,问君何所之。君言不得意,归卧南山陲。但去莫复问,白云无尽时。诗作:《送别》
11、渭城朝雨浥轻尘,客舍青青柳色新。劝君更尽一杯酒,西出阳关无故人。诗作:《送元二使安西唐》
12、送君南浦泪如丝,君向东州使我悲。为报故人憔悴尽,如今不似洛阳时。诗作:《齐州送祖》
13、送君尽惆怅。复送何人归。几日同携手。一朝先拂衣。诗作:《送张五归山》
14、送车盈灞上,轻骑出关东。相去千馀里,西园明月同。诗作:《送熊九赴任安阳》
知我者 谓我心忧 不知我者 谓我何求
山外青山楼外楼,强中还有强中手
人生若只如初见
醉笑陪君三万场 不诉离伤
欲语泪先流
相逢何必曾相识!
关山难越,谁悲失路之人;萍水相逢,尽是他乡之客
执子之手,与子偕老...
庭树不知人去尽,春来还发旧时花
死生契阔,与子成说,执子之手,与子偕老
如梦如幻月,若即若离花。
世间安得双全法,不负如来不负卿
曾经沧海难为水,除却巫山不是云
落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花!
慈母手中线,游子身上衣.
天长地久有时尽,此恨绵绵无绝期
天下风云出我辈,一入江湖岁月催;*霸业谈笑间,不胜人生一场醉
行到水穷处,坐看云起时。
剪不断,理还乱,是离愁.别是一般滋味在心头
宠辱不惊,闲看堂前花开花落;去留无意,漫随天外云卷云舒。
春心莫共花争发,一寸相思一寸灰
此情可待成追忆 只是当时已惘然
梅须逊雪三分白 雪却输梅一段香。
介绍西安的古诗句
介绍西安的古诗词
介绍一下西安的古诗
介绍安庆的古诗
介绍雅安的古诗
介绍六安的古诗
介绍西瓜的句子
介绍江西的句子
关于介绍安吉的古诗
介绍安徽铜陵的古诗
六安介绍的古诗词
安徽的古诗词介绍
介绍雪的诗句古诗
介绍山西风光的古诗
介绍西瓜的古诗词名句
有古诗的介绍
介绍自己的诗句
介绍南昌的古诗句
用诗句介绍自己
有古诗的介绍语
古诗《草的介绍
古诗吟的介绍
花古诗的介绍
古诗蝉的介绍
古诗的词介绍
古诗蜂的介绍
雄用古诗的介绍
介绍中秋的诗句古诗
介绍冬天的诗句古诗
介绍风景的诗句古诗