大学英语2短语

大学英语泛读2课文翻译

大学英语泛读2课文翻译

　　在英语翻译过程中，理解是表达的前提，不能正确理解就谈不上正确表达。因此，首先要略读全文，从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，并理解划线部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系，这样才能更好地翻译文章。下面是大学英语泛读2课文翻译，欢迎参考阅读！

　　M2 u1

　　T：玲玲，你的笔友叫什么名字?L：SALLY MAXWELL她来自伦敦的公立学校。她之前来过*么?

　　不，她没有。但是我送了一张关于*的DVD给她。并且已经看过了。她非常喜欢关于我在北京生活的信件，所以我认为她会喜欢这里。那么你呢，玲玲?你曾经想要周游世界吗?是的，我是，我一直都想要去美国和欧洲，SALLY已经邀请我某天和她一起在英格兰停留，问题就是机票的价钱。

　　好吧，猜猜怎么着，你已经看过今天的报纸了么?有一个比赛。从北京首都机场起飞到伦敦降落，写一篇精彩的'经历，一等奖是你梦想中的假期在英格兰。你估计做什么，你曾经参加过这样的比赛么?

　　不，我没有，听起来这个非常的精彩!

　　M2 u2

　　你有过什么美妙的经历吗?魏明乘飞机到过*很多地方。她父亲是*民航的机长，每次他们都飞往不同的地方度假。我最喜欢的地方是泰山，不过我也喜欢三亚的海滩。还有什么地方她没有去过吗?我还没有去过上海。

　　韩力去过美国的旧金山。他祖父母住在那里，每年春节他都去看他们。我非常喜欢旧金山，那里有很多可看和可做的。在唐人街我有种回家的感觉!韩力说。

　　翻译

　　M2 U1

　　T: Lingling, what's your pen friend's name? L:SALLY MAXWELL, she comes from a public school in London. Did she ever come to China before?

　　No, she doesn't. But I gave her a DVD about China. And I've seen it. She is very fond of my letter about my life in Beijing, so I think she will like it here. What about you, Lingling? Do you ever want to travel around the world? Yes, I am. I always want to go to the US and Europe. SALLY has asked me to stay with her in England one day, the question is the price of the plane ticket.

　　Well, guess what, have you seen today's newspaper? There's a game. Take off from BeiJing Capital Airport to London and write a wonderful experience. The first prize is your dream holiday in England. What do you expect to do, have you ever been in such a game?

　　No, I don't, it sounds very wonderful!

　　M2 U2

　　Have you ever had a wonderful experience? Wei Ming has traveled to many places in China. Her father was the captain of CAAC, and each time they flew to different places for a holiday. My favorite place is Taishan, but I also like the beach in Sanya. Is there any place she hasn't been to? I haven't been to Shanghai yet.

　　Han Li has been to San Francisco in the United States. His grandparents lived there, and he went to see them every Spring Festival. I like San Francisco very much, there's a lot to see and do. I have a feeling of going home in Chinatown, Han Li said.

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大学英语book2课文翻译

大学英语book2课文翻译

　　翻译是在准确、通顺的基础上，把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为。下面，是大学英语book2课文翻译的内容，提供给大家参考学*！

　　Unit 1 Are You a 1960s Type Student? 大学已不再特别了

　　If you can remember anything about the 1960s, you weren't really there," so the saying goes. It may be true for those who spent their college years in a haze of marijuana smoke. But there is one thing everyone remembers about the 1960s: Going to college was the most exciting and stimulating experience of your life.

　　In the 1960s, California's colleges and universities had transformed the state into the world's seventh largest economy. However, Berkeley, the University of California's main campus, was also well-known for its student demonstrations and strikes, and its atmosphere of political radicalism. When Ronald Reagan ran for office as governor of California in 1966, he asked if Californians would allow "a great university to be brought to its knees by a noisy, dissident minority". The liberals replied that it was the ability to tolerate noisy, dissident minorities which made universities great.

　　On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. Much of the protest was about the Vietnam War. But in France, the students of the Sorbonne in Paris managed to form an alliance with the trade unions and to launch a general strike, which ultimately brought about the resignation of President de Gaulle.

　　It wasn't just the activism that characterized student life in the 1960s. Everywhere, going to college meant your first taste of real freedom, of late nights in the dorm or in the Junior Common Room, discussing the meaning of life. You used to have to go to college to read your first forbidden book, see your first indie film, or find someone who shared your passion, for Jimi Hendrix or Lenny Bruce. It was a moment of unimaginable freedom, the most liberating in your life:

　　But where's the passion today? What's the matter with college? These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, it's true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics). Yet college education is no longer a topic of great national importance. Today, college is seen as a kind of small town from which people are keen to escape. Some people drop out, but the most apathetic stay the course because it's too much effort to leave.

　　Instead of the heady atmosphere of freedom which students in the1960s discovered, students today are much more serious. The British Council has recently done research into the factors which help international students decide where to study. In descending order these are: quality of courses, employability prospects, affordability, personal security issues, lifestyle, and accessibility. College has become a means to an end, an opportunity to increase one's chances on the employment market, and not an end in itself, which gives you the chance to imagine, just for a short while, that you can change the world.

　　The gap between childhood and college has shrunk, and so has the gap between college and the real world. One of the reasons may be financial. In an uncertain world, many children rely on their parents' support much longer than they used to. Students leaving university in the 21st century sim* cannot afford to set up their own home because it's too expensive. Another possible reason is the communications revolution. Gone are the days when a son or daughter rang home once or twice a term. Today students are umbilically linked to their parents by their cell phones. And as for finding like-minded friends to share a passion for obscure literature or music, well, we have the Internet and chat rooms to help us do that.

　　"Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive,

　　But to be young was very heaven!"

　　Wordsworth may have written these lines about the French Revolution; but they were also true for the students of the 1960s. So why aren't they true for the students of today?

　　有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在麻地烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。

　　20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生不上课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966年，罗纳德·里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。

　　在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投人到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或*运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多*是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大*，最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。

　　20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本被禁止阅读的书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米·亨德里克斯或兰尼·布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。

　　可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，*首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的三十岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已经不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。

　　没有了20世纪60年代大学生所发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化协会最*做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时所考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全

　　问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。

　　童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能和经济有关。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。

　　“幸福啊，活在那个黎明之中，．年轻更是如进天堂！

　　华兹华斯的诗句说的可能是法国大革命，但是对于20世纪60年代的大学生而言，这样的诗句同样真实生动。可是为什么对于如今的大学生来说，它们就不真实了呢？

　　Unit 2 This is Sandy 这位是桑迪

　　I love it when my friends introduce me to new people, although I never let on. I love the proud and honorable expression they wear when they say “This is Sandy — she's deaf”, as if I were evidence of their benevolence. I also love the split-second shocked expression on the new people, the hasty smiles and their best imitations of what they think of as their “normal faces”. If they do the ritual well enough I turn my head ever so slightly and tuck my hair behind one of my ears, whichever one's closer to them. They never fail to say something nice about my pink hearing aids, while my regular friends beam on.

　　I'm thinking of starting a hearing aid collection, actually. They'd make better accessories than earrings: I once saw a catalog for clip-on hearing aids and hearing aid covers, and the products were most definitely fashion statements in various shapes and hues. It'd be like the exquisitely expensive handbag Esther's dad got her when we were in high school. The rest of us could only admire, but could not, imitate, because our dads weren’t rich enough to spoil us that way. And now, only I can wear hearing aids: My friends can do nothing but gush.

　　To be honest, I quite like my deafness. It wasn't easy the first few years after the car accident and the stupid exploding airbag, but now it's become something that makes me special among my friends. None of my close friends are hearing-impaired; sim* because I wasn’t born deaf. By the time I lost my hearing; I'd already accumulated a fixed circle of people, and they mostly rushed to participate in the drama.

　　You know how when you talk about your friends, you refer to them as Drew the Bartender, Carol the Feminist, Greg the Guy Who Can Knot a Cherry Stem with His Tongue and so on? I'm Sandy the Deaf Girl. I like it. I don’t have any other particularly outstanding traits or skills. Never did.

　　It's more than just standing out; too: I'm sure a lot of important events in my life wouldn't have happened or worked out quite the same way if I weren't wearing pink hearing aids. For example, the thing with Colin.

　　I first met Colin at an apartment party. When Carol the Feminist introduced us to each other, I tucked my hair behind both my ears and leaned closer, not because he did the ritual particularly well; but because he was a stud: You should have seen his recovery smile after the inevitable surprise.

　　We went in search of drinks after the handshakes, and somewhere between what was functioning as the wine bar and the couch, we lost Carol.

　　“Do you usually read lips like this? Or do you sign, too?” he asked after a while.

　　“I mostly just read lips because it was easier to pick up than signing, although that's not the only reason I was staring at your lips," I told him.

　　He laughed. We talked more, and then the host upped the music volume and dimmed the lights for the “dance floor”; and I had to lean in much, much closer to be able to continue reading his lips in the semi-darkness. And read his lips I did.

　　We did the usual and exchanged numbers, and a week later Colin did the unthinkable and called. We went out, satisfied ourselves that the other person still looked good in sober daylight, and read more lips. Within two months Colin and I were dating.

　　我的朋友向生人介绍我的时候，虽然我嘴上从不说什么，但我心里喜欢得很。我喜欢他们说“这位是桑迪—她是聋子”的时候脸上那副骄傲和荣耀的表情，就好像我证明了他们的仁德善心一样。我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情、匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的“正常脸色”。如果他们这套仪式做得够好，我就会微微转过头，把头发掖到离他们较*的那只耳朵后面。他们总会说些好话，夸我的粉红色助听器，我的朋友们则在一旁灿烂地微笑。

　　实际上，我在考虑开始收藏助听器。它们是比耳环更好的首饰。我曾经看到过一款“一夹得”带罩助听器的广告图片，产品有各种各样的形状和颜色，绝对时髦。那就像我们上高中的时候，埃斯特的爸爸给她买的精美昂贵的`手提包一样。那时，我们其他人只有羡慕的份儿，却无法仿效，因为我们的老爸没那么多钱去娇惯我们。而现在，只有我能戴助听器。朋友们也就只有羡慕的份儿了。

　　说实话，我挺喜欢耳聋的。在那次车祸和愚蠢的安全气囊破裂之后的头几年，日子不好过，但是现在，耳聋让我在朋友中显得很特别。我的好朋友没有一个是听力残障的，因为我不是天生耳聋，在我失去听觉的时候，我已经有了一个固定的朋友圈。他们中的多数人都热心积极地参加这场“表演”。

　　你知道，在你谈论朋友时，你会把称他们为“酒吧侍者德鲁”、“女权主义者卡罗尔”、‘能用舌头给樱桃梗打结的家伙格雷格”等等。我是“聋女桑迪”。我喜欢这个称呼。我没有任何其它突出的个性或能耐。从来没有过。

　　还不仅仅是与众不同。我确信，假如我不戴粉红色助听器的话，我生活中的许多重大事件就不会以同样的方式发生或产生同样的结果。例如，跟柯林之间的事儿。

　　我初次遇见柯林是在一次公寓派对上。女权主义者卡罗尔给我们彼此做了介绍之后，我把头发拢到两耳之后，凑得更*些，不是因为他把那套仪式做得特别好，而是因为他是个情种。谁都能注意到在不可避免的惊讶之后他脸上恢复的微笑。

　　握手之后，我们去拿喝的。在临时搭建的吧台和沙发之间的某个地方，卡罗尔不见了。 “你通常都像这样读唇语吗？还是也用手语？”过了一会儿他问。

　　我告诉他说：“我多数时间只读唇语，因为这比用手语更容易，但这不是我一直盯着你的嘴唇的唯一原因。”

　　他大笑起来。我们又说了一会儿话。后来，主人放大音乐的音量，调暗“舞池”的灯光；我不得不凑*他，很*很*，以便能在昏暗中接着读他的唇语。我的确读到了他的唇语。 我们照例交换了电话号码。一星期之后，柯林做了件让人无法相信的事：他打来了电话。我们出去玩了，发现对方在大白天依然好看，因此彼此感觉满意。我又读了更多的唇语。在两个月之内，柯林和我就开始约会了。

　　Unit 3 Stolen Identity 窃取的身份

　　“Frank never went to pilot school, medical school, law school, ... because he's still in high school.”

　　That was the strapline of the 2002 film Catch Me If You Can, which tells the story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. (Leonardo DiCaprio), a brilliant young master of deception who at different times impersonated a doctor, a lawyer, and an airplane pilot, forging checks worth more than six million dollars in 26 countries. He became the youngest man to ever make the FBI’s most-wanted list for forgery. Hunted and caught in the film by fictional FBI agent Carl Hanratty (Tom Hanks), Abagnale later escaped. He eventually became a consultant for the FBI where he focused on white-collar crime.

　　It's a great film, but could it happen in real life? In fact, Catch Me If You Can is based on the true story of Frank Abagnale, whose career as a fraudster lasted about six years before he was caught, who escaped from custody three times (once through an airplane toilet), and who spent a total of six years in prison in France, Sweden and the US. He now runs a consultancy advising the world of business how to avoid fraud. He has raised enough money to pay back all his victims, and is now a multi-millionaire.

　　Since 2003, identity theft has become increasingly common. Few people could imagine how important things like taking mail to the post office and not leaving it in the mailbox for pickup, shredding documents instead of throwing them out with the trash, even using a pen costing a couple of bucks, have become to avoid life-changing crimes.

　　More and more people are becoming anonymous victims of identity theft. We spend many hours and dollars trying to recover our name, our credit, our money and our lives. We need to look for different ways to protect ourselves. We can improve our chances of avoiding this crime, but it will never go away.

　　It's not just a list of do's and don'ts, we need to change our mindset. Although online banking is now commonplace, there's a significant group of people in the country — the baby boomers, 15 per cent of the population —who still prefer to use paper. What's more, 30 per cent of cases of fraud occur within this group. A check has all the information about you that an identity thief needs. If you use a ballpoint pen, the ink can be removed with the help of a regular household

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大学英语精读（2）作业答案

1．第4题 

Women workers wear hats ____________their hair gets caught in the machinery.

A.if

B.in case

C.unless

D.because

标准答案：B 

您的答案： 

题目分数：1.0 

此题得分：0.0 

2．第5题 

Young ___________John was, he was able to swim across the channel within minutes.

A.as

B.so

C.though

D.although

标准答案：A 

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题目分数：1.0 

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3．第6题 

Word has come __________ some guests from Canada will visit our school.

A.what

B.that

C.whether

D.when

标准答案：B 

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4．第7题 

__________ you don't like him is none of my business.

A.What

B.Who

C.That

D.Whether

标准答案：C 

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5．第8题 

The news____________ to the Great Wall during the summer holidays made us very happy.

A.what we would go

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全新版大学英语听说教程2答案

全新版大学英语听说教程2答案

　　《全新版大学英语听说教程》为配合《大学英语教学大纲》(修订本)的'实施;为适应社会大学英语教学提出的新要求，上海外语教育出版社隆重推出《大学英语》立体化系列教材——书本、录音磁带、多媒体光盘、网络系统、题库等配套齐全。以下是小编收集整理了全新版大学英语听说教程2答案，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

　　Unit 1

　　1. T 2.F 3. NG

　　Understanding Short Conversations

　　1.B 2.D 3. C4. D5. C6. C7.B 8. B9. A 10. C

　　Understanding a Long Conversation

　　1. D 2.D 3. A 4. B 5. C

　　Understanding a Passage

　　1. C 2.D 3. B 4. C 5. B

　　Understanding a Movie Dialog

　　1. upset

　　2. sick

　　3. law

　　4. harmless

　　5. break

　　6. replaced

　　7. memories

　　8. natural

　　9. birthday

　　10. appreciate

　　Listening and Speaking

　　1. sit quietly and listen to

　　2. a blank stare

　　3. put it a different way

　　4. speak up in class

　　5. in turn, a great deal of

　　Homework SupplementaryListening

　　Task 1

　　1. D 2.C 3. B 4. D 5. B

　　Task 2

　　1. C 2.A 3. B 4. A 5. C

　　Task 3

　　1 the age, size and future

　　2. Seventy years ago

　　3. increase with distance

　　4. Late last month

　　5. A light year

　　6. distances in space

　　7. other measurements

　　8. support the idea

　　9. slow down and break up

　　10. or possibly even older

　　Unit 2

　　Warming Up

　　1. passion

　　2. make sacrifices

　　3. The meaning of greatness.

　　Understanding Short Conversations

　　1.B2.B 3. C4. C5. C 6. A7.A8. A 9. C10. A

　　Understanding a Long Conversation

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全新版大学英语4综合教程Unit2答案

全新版大学英语4综合教程Unit2答案

　　想要期末考试取得好成绩，*时就需要按照"循序渐进、阶段侧重、精讲精练"的原则进行练*。下面是小编为大家整理的全新版大学英语4综合教程Unit2答案，欢迎参考！

　　Unit 2

　　Text A

　　Language Sense Enhancement

　　1. care 2. impact 3. orbiting satellites 4. warn of 5. location 6. at any given time 7. vibrate 8. detected 9. calculate 10. converted Language Focus

　　Vocabulary

　　I.

　　4. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4)take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately

　　5. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on 5)starting up 6)went through 7) fill out 8) fall into

　　6. 1) incorporates all the latest safety features

　　2) two trees ten feet apart

　　3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm

　　4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars

　　5) are correlated in all racial groups

　　4. 1) the application/ has turned into a reality/ are poised to

　　2) that vibrate/can detect/frequency

　　3) lanes/are mounted in/alert a /hazard

　　II. Word Formation

　　Clipped Words: kilogram/memorandum/gymnasium/liberation/doctor/veterinarian/preparatory/ automobile/influenza

　　Blends: medical care/electronic mail/communications satellite/news broadcast/sky hijack/ European dollar/breakfast and lunch/television broadcast/Oxford and Cambridge

　　III. Usage

　　1) swimming pool 2) drawing board 3) enriched Middle English 4) disturbing change 5) fully developed prototype 6) canned food 7) working population 8) puzzling differences

　　Comprehensive Exercises

　　I.

　　3. 1) com*rized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor

　　4. 1) generates 2) related 3)revolutionized 4) enable 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities

　　II.

　　3. 1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.

　　2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems

　　3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures

　　4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.

　　5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.

　　4. Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people travel, and do

　　business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of com*r technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.

　　一、单项选择

　　1. We have been told that under no circumstances _____ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

　　A) may we use B) we may use

　　C) we could use D) did we use

　　2. Only under special circumstances _____ to take make-up tests.

　　A) are freshmen permitted B) permitted are freshmen

　　C) freshmen are permitted D) are permitted freshmen

　　3. _____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.

　　A) Had they arrived B) Would they arrive

　　C) Were they arriving D) Were they to arrive

　　4. _____ right now, she would get there on Sunday.

　　A) Would she leave B) If she leaves

　　C) Were she to leave D) If she had left

　　5. The organization had broken no rules, but _____ had it acted responsibly.

　　A) neither B) so

　　C) either D) both

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大学综合英语2课文翻译

大学综合英语2课文翻译

　　课文指教科书中的正文，区别于注释和*题等，一般在语文或地理中出现。英语，有对话和短文。下面为大家带来了大学综合英语2课文翻译，欢迎大家参考！

　　第一单元

　　*式的学*特色

　　霍华德·加德纳

　　1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的*东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察*幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中蓁教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。

　　我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。

　　本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。

　　我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙的槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个*工作人员若在*旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握紧本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙的槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。

　　我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在*要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育(尤其是艺术教育)的方式，揭示*人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与*教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。

　　两种不同的学*方式

　　我的*同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。”既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是处理槽口一事的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢?他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢?他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以(也应该)示范给他看。

　　我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能—共如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。

　　把着手教

　　回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的.关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。

　　那些善意的*旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、温和地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。我逐渐认识到，这些*人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守*传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来斗次。

　　学*应通过不间断的精心塑造与引导而得以实现，这一观念同样适用于艺术。我们观看了孩子们在教室里学*艺术的情景，他们的娴熟技艺令我们惊讶。年仅5、6岁的孩子就带着**的那种技巧与自信在画花、画鱼和动物；9岁：10岁的小书法家写出的作品满可以在博物馆展示。有一次去两位小艺术家的家里参观，我们从孩子的父母处得知，他们每天练*数小时以完善他们的技艺。

　　创造力第一?

　　从对创造力的态度来说，优先次序似乎是颠倒了：西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统；而*的年轻人则几乎离不开传统，但是，随着时间的推移，他们同样可能发展到具有创新的境界。

　　美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说，我们比*人更重视创新和自立。我们两种文化的差异也可以从我们各自所怀的忧虑中显示出来。*老师担心，如果年轻人不及早掌握技艺，就有可能一辈子掌握不了；另一方面，他们并不同样地急于促进创造力的发展。美国教育工作者则担心，除非从一开始就发展创造力，不然创造力就有可能永不再现；而另一方面，技艺可于日后获得。

　　但我并不想夸大其辞。无论在过去还是在当今，*在科学、技术和艺术革新方面都展示了巨大的创造力。而西方的创新突破则有被夸大的危险。如果仔细审视任何一项创新，其对以往成就的依赖则都显而易见(“站在巨人肩膀之上”的现象)。

　　然而，假定我这里所说的反差是成立的，而培养技艺与创造力两者都是值得追求的目标，那么重要的问题就在于：我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式，它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的*衡?

　　第二单元

　　A Life Full Of Riches

　　1.首次面对这个问题，是在2003年12月初，我第一次为救世军摇铃募捐的时候。当时我就站在沃尔玛商场入口处门外，对每一位向我的红壶里投入捐款的人都报以一声“谢谢”和一个微笑。一位穿著整洁的妇人牵著她的幼子向放壶的台子走过来。她在钱包里摸著找钱时，孩子抬头看了我一眼，问我：“你穷吗？”当时他眼里充满疑惑和好奇，时至今日仍历历在目。

　　2.“嗯，”我结结巴巴，边想边回答，“我比有些人拥有的多，但比其他人拥有的少。”母亲因为孩子问了一个在社交上不该问的问题，训斥了他一顿，他俩便匆匆的赶去购物。但是孩子的问题却一直留在我的心头挥之不去。

　　3.我从不认为自己“穷”，但有些事实我不可否认。每当我填1040税务申报表时，我都属于收入最低的档次之一。在过去的三十五年中，我只出去度过一次假。我的电视机是黑白的，还是八年前别人送给我的。

　　4.然而，想要得到其他那么多人都有的物质的东西，对我来说，只不过是转瞬即逝的念头而已。我的汽车是1999年的产品，到现在开了十万五千英里，已经很破很旧了，但是它依然可靠。我的住房不大，但是很安静，住著挺舒心。我的衣服很适合于我的工作，主要都在户外。我对计算机的很少的需求，可以在图书馆得到解决。

　　5.尽管有些东西我没有，我并不感到贫穷。这是为什么？五十三年来我一直非常健康。我不但不生病，而且精力充沛，情绪饱满。锻炼对我而言是确确实实的快事，我乐意长距离步行，越走越有劲。我喜爱步行后随之产生的一种“什么都干得了”的心态。

　　6.我还十分珍惜我的创作才能。当我写出美丽的诗句或编造出能把人逗乐的笑话时，我内心感到很富有。通过写作而获得的洞察力，不断地令我惊奇。而与那么多写作朋友交谈，是我乐趣的主要源泉之一。

　　7.但是在我生活中，有一个重要方面我并不那么富有。在一个对物资财富的追求投入如此之多心力的社会中，我觉得很不自在。

　　8.我年轻时曾与一位非常有趣的女士谈过朋友。她对我说，对她而言，最重要的是“一个人的内心”。我以为我找到了非同一般的生活伴侣。后来我就带她到我的寓所。当时我住的是一个地下室经济型小套间，只有几件陈旧的家具。唯一新而舒适的椅子是书桌旁的那把。她来访后不久，我们的关系就急转直下。

　　9.她所看重的东西似乎突然有了变化，使我大为震动。在我的人生旅途上，这仍然是一个最难以忘怀的转折点。

　　10.相对于人际关系而言，物质财富对我并不那么重要。我认为大多数人与我同感——除非当某一物品的缺失会引发社会后果时，人们才会有不同的想法。电台播放的一个商业广告开头这样说：“每个人都想拥有一台高档电视…”，购买这种电视机的压力千真万确。也许每个人真的都想要一台高档电视机，毕竟没有人想做一个无名之辈。

　　11.但是没有这样的电视机我也照样活得快乐。事实上不专注于物质财富，对我而言相当自然。在这个世界上有很多人认为我活得很富足。

　　12.临*岁末每当我系上救世军的红围裙时，我的内心会发生变化。我非但不感到经济上不自在，还开始感到一种真正的归属感。我摇铃时，人们会停下脚步，给我讲述他们的故事，讲述他们遇到困难时受到帮助对他们多么重要。我感到我与人助人这件事深深地联系在一起。在我摇铃的时候，从未谋面的陌生人给我拿来热乎乎的巧克力饮料，留给我一个久不消逝的微笑。无数的路人向我表达圣诞节的祝愿，使我感到温暖。“谢谢你在这样的冷天摇铃。”“要不要我给您弄一杯咖啡?”“你做好事，上帝保佑你。”十二月是一年中我感到最富足的时候。

　　13.由于一个好奇的孩子提了一个简单问题，我在过去的四年中对自己的了解进了一步。当我审视贫穷究竟意味著什么时，我清楚了我最应感恩的是什么：我的有形和无形的好运气。

　　第三单元

　　老爸英明

　　马什·卡萨迪

　　人物：父亲；母亲；海蒂，14岁；黛安，17岁；肖恩，16岁；饭店经’理，20多岁：希金斯

　　场景；快餐店，汤普森家餐厅，一所中学的办公室等。

　　幕启；随着灯光亮起，海蒂上，走至舞台右前方。肖恩与黛安上，走至舞台左前方。海蒂对观众说话，两人倾听。

　　海蒂：我老爸是个大好人。没人会相信他不好。可是他唉，他老是干那些蠢事，弄得我们当儿女的到头来无地自容。瞧，我哥曾一度想买把吉他。他都积攒了好一阵子钱了。后来他在这家快餐店找了份活，不错吧?当服务员。这是·肖恩第一次正经打工，他真的挺开心。他算计着，再过两三个月，他就能攒够钱买他想要的那把吉他了。老爸老妈都为他感到骄傲。晤，是啊，他是大哥，老是要捉弄我。不过嘛，我也同样为他感到骄傲。你猜后来怎么了?我都不想说这事，因为：

　　黛安、海蒂：(齐声)老爸英明!

　　(左后方灯光亮起，肖恩打工的快餐店。有柜台和几张小桌子。经理站在柜台后面。父亲进店时，肖恩正忙着擦桌子。)

　　经理：晚上好，先生，能为您效劳吗?

　　父亲：晚上好。

　　肖恩：(自言自语)噢，不!(他在一张桌子后蹲下，欲躲过父亲的视线。)

　　父亲：我找经理。

　　经理：我就是，先生。

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新视野大学英语第3版第2册单元10课后答案和翻译

新视野大学英语第3版第2册单元10课后答案和翻译

　　想要期末考试取得好成绩，*时就需要按照"循序渐进、阶段侧重、精讲精练"的原则进行练*。下面是小编为大家整理的新视野大学英语第3版第2册单元10课后答案和翻译，欢迎参考！

　　新视野大学英 语(第二版)第二册Unit 10答案【Section A】

　　Comprehension of the Text

　　I.

　　1. He was head of the European staff of the Columbia Broadcasting System and a news broadcaster.

　　2. He felt sorry for the suffering of London during the attach by the German bombers.

　　3. Because he believed that whatever London had to endure, it could not be destroyed.

　　4. They were sure about their ultimate triumph over England.

　　5. They believed that London would surrender after it became a burned city.

　　6. Because they had the English Channel as a barrier against the Nazi ground forces, and they had the Royal Air Force to battle the Nazi in the sky.

　　7. On the one hand, they stayed calm and tried to continue living their lives; on the other hand, they did their best to help to defend their nation.

　　8. He predicted that the English people would win the final victory.

　　Vocabulary

　　III.

　　1.channels 2.rescued 3.royal 4.survival 5.crash 6.Whichever 7.punishment 8.cast 9.endured 10.surrender

　　IV.

　　1.over 2.in 3.in 4.on 5.under 6.on 7.down 8.for 9.after 10.off

　　V.

　　1.O 2.H 3.M 4.J 5.K 6. G 7.C 8.A 9.F 10.E

　　WordBuilding

　　VI.

　　1. misreported 2.misprinted 3. misspells 4. misplaced 5.misunderstood 6. misusing/ misuse 7. mistake 8. misled

　　VII.

　　1.broaden 2. irresponsible 3.protective 4. characterized 5. redoubling 6. fashionable 7. unfair 8. disobeys

　　Sentence Structure

　　VIII.

　　1. as though he wee the only person who scored over 90.

　　2. as though she had seen a ghost there

　　3. as though he were her own son

　　4. as though he were attending a party.

　　5. as though he knew everything.

　　IX.

　　1. You should wear whichever dress suits you best for the evening party.

　　2. You can settle down in whichever area you choose.

　　3. Whichever (of you) comes first will receive a gift.

　　4. All my books are here. You may borrow whichever you like.

　　5. I have several spare rooms. Whichever you want is yours.

　　Translation

　　X.

　　1. I remember the whole thing clearly as though it had happened yesterday.

　　2. Whichever of them writes the best essay will win the prize.

　　3. It turned out that the budget provided for a salary increase one year later.

　　4. She did the same job day after day and year after year, but she never complained.

　　5. She endured all kinds of hardships on the journey; nothing could keep her from finding her lost daughter.

　　6. Don't get mixed up with that gang. They have committed many bad things in broad daylight.

　　XI.

　　1.市民抢购瓶装水，就好像接下来几天饮用水可能会短缺似的。

　　2. 学会用最适合你自己的'办法放松，是一种有助于健康的积极办法。

　　3. 在战役中，为数不多的战士们英勇抗敌，壮烈牺牲。

　　4. 他们奋战了4个多小时才将大火控制住，避免了危险的火势蔓延到整个小镇。

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新视野大学英语读写教程2第三单元课文翻译

新视野大学英语读写教程2第三单元课文翻译

　　《新视野大学英语》(New Horizon College English,简称NHCE)是教育部“新世纪网络课程建设工程”大学英语网络课程的出版用名。使用对象为非英语专业的本科生。下面是小编带来的新视野大学英语读写教程2第三单元课文翻译，希望对你有帮助。

　　我和盖尔计划举行一个不事张扬的婚礼。

　　在两年的相处中，我们的关系经历了起伏，这是一对情侣在学着相互了解、理解和尊重时常常出现的。

　　但在这整整两年间，我们坦诚地面对彼此性格中的弱点和优点。

　　我们之间的种族及文化差异不但增强了我们的关系，还教会了我们要彼此宽容、谅解和开诚布公。

　　盖尔有时不明白为何我和其他黑人如此关注种族问题，而我感到吃惊的是，她好像忘记了美国社会中种族仇恨种种微妙的表现形式。

　　对于成为居住在美国、异族通婚的夫妻，我和盖尔对未来没有不切实际的幻想。

　　相互信任和尊重才是我们俩永不枯竭的力量源泉。

　　许多夫妻因为错误的理由结了婚，结果在10年、20年或30年后才发觉他们原来是合不来的。他们在婚前几乎没有花时间去互相了解，他们忽视了严重的性格差异，指望婚姻会自然而然地解决各种问题。我们希望避免重蹈覆辙。

　　事实更说明了这一点：已经结婚35年的盖尔的父母正经历着一场充满怨恨、令人痛苦的婚变，这件事给盖尔带来了很大打击，并一度给我们正处于萌芽状态的关系造成了负面影响。

　　当盖尔把我们计划举办婚礼的消息告诉家人时，她遇到了一些阻力。

　　她的母亲德博拉过去一直赞成我们的.关系，甚至还开过玩笑，问我们打算何时结婚，这样她就可以抱外孙了。

　　但这次听到我们要结婚的消息时，她没有向我们表示祝贺，反而劝盖尔想清楚自己的决定是否正确。

　　“这么说我跟他约会没错，但是如果我跟他结婚，就错了。

　　妈妈，是不是因为他的肤色?”盖尔后来告诉我她曾这样问她母亲。

　　“首先我必须承认，刚开始时我对异族通婚是有保留意见的，也许你甚至可以把这称为偏见。

　　但是当我见到马克时，我发现他是一个既讨人喜欢又聪明的年轻人。

　　任何一个母亲都会因为有这样一个女婿而感到脸上有光的。

　　所以，这事跟肤色没有关系。

　　是的，我的朋友们会说闲话。

　　有些朋友甚至对你所做的事表示震惊。

　　但他们的生活与我们的不同。

　　因此你要明白，马克的肤色不是问题。

　　我最大的担心是你也许跟我当初嫁给你爸爸一样，为了错误的原因而嫁给马克。

　　当年我和你爸爸相遇时，在我眼中，他可爱、 聪明、富有魅力又善解人意。

　　一切都是那么新鲜、那么令人兴奋。而且我们两人都认为，我们的婚姻是理想婚姻，至少表面上看是如此，而且一切迹象都表明我们的婚姻会天长地久。

　　直到后来我才明白，在我们结婚时，我并不十分理解我所爱的人——你的爸爸。”

　　“但是我和马克呆在一起已有两年多了，”盖尔抱怨道。

　　“我们俩一起经历了许许多多的事情。

　　我们彼此多次看到对方最糟糕的一面。

　　我可以肯定时间只能证明我们是彼此深情相爱的。”

　　“你也许是对的。但我还是认为再等一等没坏处。你才25岁。”

　　盖尔的父亲戴维——我还未见过他的面——以知事莫若父的态度对待我们的决定。

　　他问的问题基本上和盖尔母亲的问题相同：“干吗这么匆忙?这个马克是什么人?他是什么公民身份?”

　　当他得知我办公民身份遇到了问题时，就怀疑我是因为想留在美国而娶他女儿的。

　　“不过爸爸，你这话讲得太难听了，”盖尔说。

　　“那么干吗要这样着急?”他重复地问。

　　“马克是有公民身份方面的问题，但他总是在自己处理这些问题，”盖尔辩解道。

　　“事实上，当我们在讨论结婚的时候，他清楚地表明了一点：如果我对任何事情有怀疑，我完全可以取消我们的计划。”

　　她父亲开始引用统计数据说明异族通婚的离婚率比同族结婚的要高，而且还列举了接受过他咨询的、在婚姻上有麻烦的异族通婚夫妇的例子。

　　他问道：“你考虑过你将来的孩子可能会遭受的苦难吗?”

　　“爸爸，你是种族主义者吗?”

　　“不，当然不是。

　　但你必须得现实一点。”

　　“也许我们的孩子会遇到一些问题。但谁的孩子不会呢?

　　可是有一样东西他们将会永远拥有，那就是我们的爱。”

　　“那是理想主义的想法。

　　人们对异族通婚生下的孩子是会很残酷的。”

　　“爸爸，到时候我们自己会操心的。

　　但是假如我们在做什么事之前，就必须把所有的疑难问题全部解决的话，那么我们几乎什么都干不成了。”

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大学里学英语的技巧有哪些

大学里学英语的技巧有哪些

　　学英语和交朋友一样，关键在于主动。大学英语学*与中学英语学*的主要区别在于学时的缩短。那么，大学里学英语的技巧有哪些呢?下面是小编为你搜集到的相关内容，希望可以帮助到你。

　　听力是绝大多数同学最为苦恼的题型，有些是因为高考英语没有听力，所以从来没练*过，二是即使在高考听过听力，但四六级听力与高考

　　听力截然不同，不仅篇幅变长，而且题型也有变化，所以建议还有充足时间复*的同学两天听一套听力，一定要完整的听，不要间断或者今天听一部分明天再听其他，原因是要保证听力的完整性，让自己三十分钟完全沉浸在英语环境中，同学经常说前面还可以注意力集中地听完part one和part two，但一到part three 就完全处于神游中了，所以一定要强迫自己尽可能的多听一点，不要放弃。我在大一下准备六级的时候坚持每天听一套听力，坚持了一个月，效果好了很多。大家可以试试看。对于想长期提高自己听力水*、并不仅仅局限于四六级的同学，推荐几种方法。

　　(1) 在苹果和安卓下一个叫网易公开课的软件，里面不仅有知名大学如Harvard Stanford等国外名校的公开课，如哲学人性 心理 历史等，还有TED演讲。TED是很多名人或在某方面有所建树的外国人的演讲，一般为十到二十分钟，可以选择中英文字幕，我*常在坐公交搭地铁或者课间都会听几分钟，慢慢就会把听英文变成一种*惯了。

　　(2) 推荐听力进阶经典教材Listen to this 这个系列一共分三册，建议听前两册，坚持听下来的话听力会有很大提高。如果感觉书的制作太朴素，可以选择听雅思的听力材料黑眼睛的上册，也是很不错的哦。

　　(3) 这是我最常用的一招，在考前一个月把MP3手机里的歌删掉， 换成四六级听力或名人演讲，有空闲的时候就听一下，可能是个句子也可能是个单词，看自己能不能辨析出来。但切记要和自己能力相符，不要选择太难的自己难以驾驭的材料，比如把原文拿给你读都费劲的材料就不要选择了。

　　以上是关于长期提高的同学，对于没几天就上考场的同学，在此有一些自己总结的答题规律和技巧分享给大家。

　　四六级听力分为四个题型

　　1、短对话

　　即男女以一问一答的方式进行对话，两到三话轮，因为信息量相对较少，所以问题通常有些小陷阱，比如同义词替换，部分否定等。

　　2、长对话

　　一男一女对话，两个对话，一共八道题，按照题文同序原则进行答题即可，(题文同序原则下文有介绍)

　　3、短文理解

　　共三篇文章 共十道题，一人朗读 依然遵循题文同序原则，注意关键词的把握，不要因为一道没听出来的题费力去想，而错过了其他的答案，丢了西瓜捡芝麻，最重要的是芝麻还基本捡不起来了。

　　4、复合式听写

　　最*取消了句子的复述，个人感觉难度下降了，但这个题型的特点是你不会的单词基本就填不上了，会的单词也未必会得分。注意大小写，词性，单数或复数 (help 还是helps还是helped) 是否有连字符 词组的介词是of还是off 注意连读 失去爆破 吞音等现象。这部分尽可能多拿一些分，当然也不乏原文中出现答案的情况，可以关注一下。 总的'来说得听力者得四级，这话虽然有些绝对，但不是没有道理，而且六级听力难度对比四级有大幅上升，如果真的想在四六级中取得较高的分数，听力一定要重视起来。

　　阅读分为选词填空，仔细阅读和匹配三个题型，下面依次来进行说明。

　　(1) 选词填空

　　One principle of taxation, called the benefit principle, states that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government services. This principle tries to make public goods similar to __36__ goods. It seems reasonable that a person who often goes to the movies pays more in __37__ for movie tickets than a person who rarely goes. And __38__ a person who gets great benefit from a public good should pay more for it than a person who gets little benefit.

　　The gasoline tax, for instance, is sometimes __39__ using the benefits principle. In some states, __40__ from the gasoline tax are used to build and maintain roads. Because those who buy gasoline are the same people who use the roads, the gasoline tax might be viewed as a __41__ way to pay this government service.

　　The benefits principle can also be used to argue that wealthy citizens should pay higher taxes than poorer ones, __42__ because the wealthy benefit more from public services. Consider, for example, the benefits of police protection from __43__. Citizens with much to protect get greater benefit from police than those with less to protect. Therefore, according to the benefits principle, the wealthy should __44__ more than the poor to the cost of __45__ the police force. The same argument can be used for many other public services, such as fire protection, national defense,

　　and the court system.

　　A) adaptB) contributeC) exertingD) expensesE) fair

　　F) justifiedG) maintainingH) private I) providedJ) revenues

　　K) similarlyL) sim*M) theftN) totalO) wealth

　　这是选词填空的模式，从原文中扣出十个空格，给你十五个单词让你填到文中，这个题型是我认为相对较难的题，因为不仅要知道单词的准确含义，还要带到句子中及文章中揣摩作者态度及行文思路，最重要的是这道题每个空分值0.5分，实在没有必要浪费过多时间，我的做法是先把文章通读一遍，在第二遍的时候把自己认为肯定对的先填到里面，这样可很大程度上减少错误率，再根据自己的阅读速度读一到两遍把题完成。这样基本上可以达到分数最大化，要想在这五分上有本质提高，就不仅要增加单词量，还要提高文章把握能力，这绝对不是一朝一夕可以完成的。阅读方法会在后面提及。

　　(2)仔细阅读

　　Children are a delight. They are our future. But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year.

　　Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living. There are now large strips of the country where daycare for an infant costs more than a tenth of the average married couple's income.

　　This is not necessarily a new trend, but it is a somewhat puzzling one. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still. Actually caregivers make less today, in real terms, than they did in 1990. Considering that labor costs are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare center's expenses, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices. So who's to blame for higher childcare costs?

　　Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details. And the stricter the regulations, the higher the costs. If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economies of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up. In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infants, the price of care averaged less than $5,000.

　　Unfortunately, I don't have all the daycare-center regulations handy. But I wouldn't be surprised if as the rules have become more elaborate, prices have risen. The tradeoff (交换) might be worth it in some cases; after all, the health and safety of children should probably come before cheap service. But certainly, it doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the

　　cheapest daycare available is in the least cet4v.com.

　　56. What problem do parents of small kids have to face?

　　A) The ever-rising childcare prices.

　　B) The budgeting of family expenses.

　　C) The balance between work and family.

　　D) The selection of a good daycare center.

　　57. What does the author feel puzzled about?

　　A) Why the prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.

　　B) Why increased childcare prices have not led to better service.

　　C) Why childcare workers' pay has not increased with the rising childcare costs.

　　D) Why there is a severe shortage of childcare professional in a number of states.

　　58. What prevent childcare centers from saving money?

　　A) Steady increase in labor costs.

　　B) Strict government regulations.

　　C) Lack of support from the state.

　　D) High administrative expenses.

　　59. Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts?

　　A) The overall quality of service is not as good.

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新视野大学英语2读写教程第一单元课文原文

新视野大学英语2读写教程第一单元课文原文

　　课文指教科书中的正文，区别于注释和*题等，一般在语文或地理中出现。英语，有对话和短文。下面我们来看看新视野大学英语2读写教程unit 1 Time-Conscious Americans课文原文吧。

　　Section A

　　Pre-reading Activities

　　First Listening

　　Please listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer some questions.

　　Second Listening

　　Listen to the tape again. Then answer the following questions with your own experiences.

　　1) What precious resource do Americans value and save?

　　2) What are the three kinds of behaviors that Americans consider to be a waste of time?

　　3) In what different ways do Americans approach time in business relations?

　　Time-Conscious Americans

　　Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.

　　"We are slaves to nothing but the clock," it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a person's hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count.

　　A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush — often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish so they, too, can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. Don't take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else "wasting" it beyond a certain appropriate point.

　　Many new arrivals to the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a restaurant or coffee house. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear.

　　Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer — especially given our traffic-filled streets. We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings.

　　To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person. However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, conducting "teleconferences" to settle problems not only in this country but also — by satellite — internationally.

　　The U. S. is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointments, to say "Thank you", to shop and to obtain all kinds of information. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.

　　Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are, consequently, felt to be given added weight by the passage of time. In the U. S., however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to "get it moving".

　　Section B

　　Culture Shock

　　Do you think studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting? Like many young people who leave home to study in another country, do you think you would have lots of desirable fun? Certainly, it is a new experience, which brings the opportunity of discovering fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges you will encounter. Because your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values, and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. This is culture shock. Evidently, at least four essential stages of culture-shock adjustment occur.

　　The first stage is called "the honeymoon". In this stage, you feel excitement about living in a different place, and everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems as though it will have no ending.

　　Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is the "hostility stage". You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people don't treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired.

　　Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called "repression". This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers you. Another type of defense mechanism is called "regression". This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and sometimes you become careless and irresponsible. The third kind of defense mechanism is called "isolation". You would rather be home alone, and you don't want to communicate with anybody. With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least that's what you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because it separates you from those things that could really help you. The last type of defense mechanism is called "rejection". With this coping mechanism, you think you don't need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you don't try to ask for help.

　　The defense mechanisms you utilize in the hostility stage are not helpful. If you only occasionally use one of these coping mechanisms to help yourself survive, that is acceptable. You must be cautious, however. These mechanisms can really hurt you because they prevent you from making necessary adjustments to the new culture.

　　After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins. Then you come to the third stage called "recovery". In this stage, you start feeling more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everything you don't understand. The whole situation starts to become more favorable; you recover from the symptoms of the first two stages, and you adjust yourself to the new norms, values, and even beliefs and traditions of the new country. You begin to see that even though the distinctions of the culture are different from your own, it has elements that you can learn to appreciate.

　　The last stage of culture shock is called "adjustment". In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good because you have learned enough to understand the new culture. The things that initially made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. This acquisition of understanding alleviates much of the stress. Now you feel comfortable; you have adjusted to the new culture.

　　Evidently, culture shock is something you cannot avoid when living in a foreign country. It does not seem like a very helpful experience when you are going through its four stages. However, when you have completely adjusted to a new culture you can more fully enjoy it. You learn how to interact with other people, and you learn a considerable amount about life in a culture that is not your own. Furthermore, learning about other cultures and how to adjust to the shock of living in them helps you learn more about yourself.

　　Section C

　　Adjustment to a New Culture

　　I had to find more friends. After several weeks in school I knew a couple of students but saw them only a few minutes, perhaps three times a week. I decided to learn a few more names. I came ten minutes early to my News Media and U.S. Government class. Two young women, one black and one white, were already there. I told myself to be aggressive and went up to them.

　　"Hi." I tried to be casual. "My name is Liu Zongren. I come from Beijing, China." I stressed Beijing, hoping that might create some attention.

　　"Oh, really? How do you find it here? " The white woman seemed interested.

　　I couldn't understand what she meant. "I came here by plane, of course." I must have looked lost. The white woman added quickly, "I mean, do you like this country?"

　　"Well, I don't know. " How foolish I was. Why had I said this?

　　"My name is Ann. This is Geri."

　　Several other students had arrived by now. I didn't know if the two women wanted to go on talking. I began feeling nervous when I realized I was standing in the middle of the classroom.

　　Ann started to move away. "Glad to meet you, Mr.— "

　　"Liu," I said in haste, "Just call me Liu. My last, no, my first name is too hard to pronounce."

　　"Glad to meet you, Mr. Liu," Ann repeated.

　　"Thank you," I said, my face turning red. I wondered what I had thanked them for, as I made my way to a seat.

　　After the class began, most of what the professor said escaped my ears and I left as soon as the lecture ended. I had no other class that day and I didn't want to go back to the loneliness of the McKnight house, so I explored around the grounds. Many students were entering a particular lecture hall. I stopped and checked my list of classes. It was a history class. Good.

　　I went in. I sat in a seat away from the lecture stand. Nobody paid any attention to me. I saw several Asian faces among the crowd. I relaxed, took out my notebook, and opened the school newspaper, pretending to be an old hand. A young man sat down beside me and smiled. It was five minutes until class. Perhaps I could strike up a conversation with this friendly looking man. I started my set introduction. "My name is Liu Zongren. I come from Beijing, China."

　　"Glad to meet you. My name is George Christi." He seemed ready to talk.

　　"Please write down your name for me." I handed my notebook to him. "You know, it is very hard for me to remember American names without seeing them spelled out." I said this out of a desire to speak two more sentences, rather than as an explanation. I looked at what he wrote. "Is yours the same name as that British woman who writes mystery novels? "

　　"Sort of," he answered.

　　Seeing me at a loss, he asked, "How do you like the weather here?"

　　"Much the same as that in Beijing. We have cold winters, too."

　　"I hope someday I can go to Beijing."

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