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现在分词作定语从句
现在分词是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分。下面是小编为大家整理的现在分词作定语从句,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
现在分词作定语从句
I.ing 形式作定语
1. 现在分词作前置定语时,在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系,也可改成定语从句;如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系,定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语,与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系,相当于一个定语从句。如:a listening child= a child who is listening, a walking stick= a stick for walking.
2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人”,主动的或正在进行的动作。如:a moving film, a developing country.
II. ing 形式作状语
动词-ing形式在句子中做状语,表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的,经常可以做时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步状语从句。句子的主语必须是状语的逻辑主语;而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。
1).Being ill, she didn’t go to school today.
因为生病,她今天没上学去。
2). Seeing no one at home, I decided to come again.
看见没有人在家,我决定再来一趟。
2. 时间状语,相当于when, while等引导的从句。
1).Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.
当听到这个好消息时,他高兴地跳了起来。
2).Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.
当我走在街上时,我看到了我的朋友。
如果分词短语表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在分词短语前加上when或while。
3).Be careful when crossing the street.
过街时小心。
3. 伴随状语,与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。
1).He sat at the table reading China Daily.
他坐在桌子旁看《*日报》。
2).Talking and smiling, they went into the room.
他们又说又笑地走进房间。
4. 结果状语。
1).The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.
母亲去世了,给她的孩子留下了一大笔钱。
5. 条件状语。
Turning right, you will find the place you want.
往右转弯,你就会找到你要找的地方了。
III.现在分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
1).Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see our beautiful school.
从山顶望下去,我们就能看到我们美丽的学校。
但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语,独立主语=逻辑主语+现在分词表示伴随,时间、原因,条件。
2).Many people being absent, they decided to put the meeting off.
由于许多人都缺*了,他们决定取消这次会议。
IV. 现在分词的否定形式。
现在分词的否定式:not+ v.ing
完成式的否定式:not+ having done
Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.
由于很久没有收到儿子的来信,这位母亲很担心。
V. 现在分词的.时态和语态的用法。
1). 分词一般式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行时,则用分词的一般式形式。
He walked on the street, seeing back from time to time.
他走在街上,不时地向身后看看
2). 如果分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生,则用分词的完成式形式。
Having finished his work, Henry went home.
完成了他的工作后,亨利回家了。
语法聚焦预*自测
过去分词作定语从句语法
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成份。下面是小编整理的过去分词作定语从句语法相关内容。
一、过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。
1、前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。
A类:被动意义:
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
B类:完成意义:
a retired teacher 一位退休的教师
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2、后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written)。
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的'客人是谁呀?
二、过去分词作表语
作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如:
You seem frightened.
你看样子受了惊吓。
少数不及物动词(如go, come, set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。如:
They are gone for vacation.
他们度假去了。
注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)” 和 “系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”。如:
A. The library is now closed.
图书馆现在关门了。
B. The library is closed at six.
图书馆经常在六点钟关门。
说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加上quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。因此,我们不难看出在上面两句中,A句是系表结构,B句是被动语态。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 1990)
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited
2. The com*r center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (NMET 1993)
A. open B. opening
C. having opened D. opened
3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.(NMET 1998)
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
4.—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers. (北京2002)
A. to solving; making
B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making
D. to solve; made
5. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.
(上海2002)
A. being known B. having been known
英语名词作定语与形容词作定语的区别
英语是按照分布面积而言最流行的语言,但母语者数量是世界第三,仅次于汉语、西班牙语。下面小编为大家带来英语名词作定语与形容词作定语的区别,希望大家喜欢!
1. 名词作定语强调“类指”,而名词所有格则表示“特指”。如:
Please don’t put the dog’s food under the table. 请不要把狗食放在桌子下面。
Dog food costs as much as meal. 狗的食品和人的食品一样贵。
第一句中的dog’s food特指给某一条狗食用的,第二句中的dog food表类别,指供狗食用的食品,而并非只给某条狗食用。
2. 名词作定语表明实质,形容词作定语则起描述与限定作用。如:
silver coins 银币(silver表明本质,即指用银做的币)
silvery hair 银白的头发(silvery起描绘作用,为描绘性形容词)
a luxury hotel 豪华饭店(指官方为饭店定的级别很高,但让人的'感爱未必豪华)
a luxurious hotel 豪华的饭店(只是说其豪华,表明话者的感受,其级别未必很高)
3. 有时采用名词作定语,可能是因为没有相应的派生形容词,此时使直接用名词作定语,或与之构成合成词。如:
school gate 校门(名词school没有相应的形容词)
tomato sauce番茄汁(名词tomato没有相应的形容词)
4. 有时在汉语看来似乎要用形容词作定语,但英语*惯上却要用名词作定语。如:
science fiction 科幻小说 (不说 scientific fiction)
health situation 健康状况(不说healthy situation)
convenience food 方便食品(不说convenient food)
5.扩展资料:英语名词综合练*题
I. 判断下列名词是否可数名词,将其可数名词改为复数形式
1. brush 2. tomato 3.radio 4. roof 5. tooth 6. Japanese 7. meat 8. air 9. clothing 10.paper(纸)
答案:1. brushes 2. tomatoes 3. radios 4. roofs 5. teeth 6. Japanese 7.不可数名词 8..不可数名词9.不可数名词 10.不可数名词
II.指出下列划线名词的语法作用
1. The flowers are beautiful .
2. Both of them are lawyers .
3. We love our great motherland .
4. we made him our monitor of our class .
5. This is Miss Alice , our good friend .
6. They are college students .
7. Mother, please look after your children .
答案:1.主语 2.表语3. 宾语4.宾语补足语 5.同位语6.定语7.称呼语
III.用所给名词的正确形式填空
1. The students are making ______ for the coming examination . ( preparation)
2.He is making a study of fresh-water ______ ( fish ) .
3.Various ______ ( fruit ) are on sale now .
4.Some 260 ______ were presented at the meeting . ( paper )
5. Mary is a daughter of ________ . (Mr Brown)
6.In the old days , my father went to the _______ school . ( night )
7.Yesterday I called at ______ . ( Mary's sister ) .
8. You should do more _______ . Don't always sit at the desk busy doing your _______.
( exercise)
9.It's very cold there . ______ temperature can drop below freezing . ( Room )
10. Where are ______ shoes sold ? ( children )
答案:1. preparations2. fishes 3.fruits 4.papers 5. Mr Brown's 6. night 7.Mary sister's 8. exercises ,exercises 9.Room 10.children
IV. 单项选择
1.Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices
2. We’ve worked out the plan ,and now we must put it into _ .
A. fact B. practice C. reality D. deed
3. He dropped the _ and broke it .
A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
定语从句先行词是those
在定语从句中those为先行词时,关系词有指人指物的that,指物的which,指人的who。下面是小编整理的定语从句先行词是those相关内容,欢迎参考。
定语从句先行词是those
That(指物)和those(指人或物)可做定语从句的先行词,this和these不可做先行词,those做定语从句先行词时,当其指物关系词用that/which等,当其指人时,关系词用who等,具体示例如下:
He admired those who looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的人.(指人)
He admired those which looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的东西.(指物)
(错)He admired that who danced well.(that不能指人)
(对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人.(those可指人)
如何选择定语从句的引导词
一看指人还是物,二看介词在何处;
三看句中作何用,四看是否属特殊。
现将四句口诀分述如下:
“一看指人还是物”:指人时用who,whom;whose和that既可指人又可指物;which只能指物。that和which在句中作主语或宾语;在非正式文体中,作宾语的whom,which或that可省略。
【高考链接】
The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
答案:D。
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格处及后面部分为定语从句,先行词small houses为物,故用that引导定语从句,that在定语从句中作主语。
“二看介词在何处”:介词置于从句之首还是置于从句的其他地方,引导词的使用有区别。当介词置于从句之首时,若指人,介词之后只能用whom而不能用who和that;若指物,则只能用which而不能用that。
【经典例析】
试比较以下两句:
1. Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?
2. Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?
第一句中介词with置于定语从句之首,其后的whom不可以替换成who或that,也不能省略;第二句中的引导词whom作介词with的宾语,可替换为who或that,也可省略。
“三看句中作何用”:如何选用定语从句中的引导词,关键是要看引导词在从句中充当什么成分。若作主语,则在who,that或which之中选择;若作定语,则用whose;若作状语,则在when,where,why之中挑选。
【高考链接】
The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
答案:C。
解析:whose引导定语从句,且在从句中作定语,修饰story;whose story相当于the story of whom。
“四看是否属特殊”:定语从句中引导词的使用还要注意一些特殊情况,如who与that均可指人,which和that均可指物,但这些引导词在具体的语言环境中有区别,不能换用。
【经典例析】
1. This is the first time that I’ve been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years.
当先行词被序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that而不用which。
2. Those who are studying in our school can borrow five books at a time.
为避免重复,先行词为指人的that或those时,引导词用who而不用that。
3. Such magazines as you bought last time are well worth reading.
such ... as,the same ... as属于固定搭配。
最后,我们再用一则歌谣帮助大家巩固关系词在定语从句中的一般用法。
关系词,引定从,它们的用法各不同。
that可作主、宾用,指人指物它都行;
which 通常指物用,主语、宾语它也能;
who和whom指人用,分作主、宾要弄清;
whose一词它真行,修饰人、物都管用;
时间状语应用when,地点状语where行,
要问原因为什么,关系副词why最清;
as一词属特殊,常与such,the same连用,
修饰全句或部分,常常用作主或宾。
一、those who型
当代词 those 后接定语从句时,定语从句通常用关系代词who来引导。如:
什么是介词短语做定语
介词短语,是介词和其它代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语。口语上简称“介短”。该短语主要是用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系。下面跟着小编来看看什么是介词短语做定语吧!希望对你有所帮助。
介词短语常常用作后置定语,在这类定语中有许多是用of引起的,可以表示:
1. 所有关系:the wealth of the nation.(国家的财富)
2. 特征:a man of good temper(好脾气的人)
3. 动宾关系:love of study (对学*的热爱)
4. 主谓关系:the growth of industry (工业的增长)
5. 同位关系:the city of Peking(北京城)
除了of,还有很多介词可以引起短语作后置定语:
1. 地点:the table near the window(靠窗的桌子)
2. 时间:their activiries during the holidays(他们假期的活动)
3. 特征:the woman with a baby in her arms(那位抱孩子的女人)
4. 类属:a film about the life of workers(一部描写工人生活的书)
1)介词短语可以在系动词之后做表语
He seems at home.
She is in the sty.
2)介词短语还可以作定语修饰前面的'名词。
The plant in the window gets lots of sunshine.
I bought a dress with blue stripes.
The sound of the wind made a whistling noise.
Joe is the student with the highest grade.
3) 介词短语很多时候是作状语,修饰整个句子,说明时间,地点,方式,原因等。
Gabby stuck her gun under the table.
The project is due before Tuesday.
She told me the whole thing on the condition of anonymity.
在匿名的情况下,她告诉了整件事。
All people have the right to worship or assemble in connection with a religion .
所有人都有权做与宗教有关的崇拜或*
【拓展阅读】
介词短语做定语从句
介词短语常常用作后置定语,在这类定语中有许多是用of引起的,可以表示:
1. 所有关系:the wealth of the nation.(国家的财富)
2. 特征:a man of good temper(好脾气的人)
3. 动宾关系:love of study (对学*的热爱)
4. 主谓关系:the growth of industry (工业的增长)
5. 同位关系:the city of Peking(北京城)
除了of,还有很多介词可以引起短语作后置定语:
1. 地点:the table near the window(靠窗的桌子)
2. 时间:their activiries during the holidays(他们假期的活动)
3. 特征:the woman with a baby in her arms(那位抱孩子的女人)
4. 类属:a film about the life of workers(一部描写工人生活的书)
介词短语
1. above one’s own... 在自己的……之上
2. above average 在*均水*以上
3. according to 根据
4. after all 毕竟
5. along with 与……一道, 连同……一起
6. apart from 除……之外
7. as a result 的结果
8. as a result of 作为......的结果
9. as well as 也,还有
关于定语从句引导词做成分
定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分或者是定语。以下是小编收集整理了,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that; 关系副词有where, when, why。它们都在定语从句中担任句子成分。确定定语从句的引导词,可以帮助学生弄清句子结构,提高语言表达的准确性。
定语从句如果修饰人
常常用关系代词who,有时也用that(作主语时多用who)。
He is a man who / that often helps others. 他是一位经常帮助别人的人。
如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用whom或that, 但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略,且在口语中可用who代替whom。
Here is the man (whom / that / who) you would like to see. 这就是你想见的那个人。
值得注意的是,如果是在介词的后面就只能用whom。
The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。
如果表示“……的”时,就用who的所有格whose。例如:
Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor? 我们班有谁的父亲是当医生的吗?
whose的先行词也可是物。
The house whose windows face the street is my uncle‘s. 窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。
定语从句如果修饰“物”
用关系代词that的时候较多,有时也用which。
It‘s a com*r which / that costs six thousand yuan. 这是一台价值六千元的电脑。
当这个代词在从句中用作宾语时,往往都会把它省略。
The present(that / which) you gave me is very beautiful. 你给我的那件礼物非常漂亮。
在介词的后面只能用which。
This is the book about which they are talking. 这就是他们正在谈论的那本书。
定语从句修饰一个表示时间的词时,用关系副词when。
I will never forget the day when I met her. 我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天。
定语从句修饰地点名词时,用关系副词where。
This is the place where we lived for five years. 这就是我们曾经住过五年的地方。
定语从句修饰一个表示原因的词时,用关系副词why。
I know the reason why she didn‘t come yesterday. 我知道她昨天没来的原因。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
the package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语,关系副词引导的定语从句。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地,英语语法《关系副词引导的定语从句》。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词,而引导定语从句的词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类。
懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。
定语从句什么是先行词
先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词,在主句中充当一定的部分。之所以称它为先行词,是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后,先行词总是出现在定语从句之前。下面是小编带来的定语从句什么是先行词,希望对你有帮助。
概念:
被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
一、在英语关系代词中,but,as,than作关系代词可以引导定语从句:
but既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含"否定"的意思,其作用相当于"that /which /who...not"。它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词(如:no,not, little,few,hardly等)。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。例如:
There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children.)
没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。
二、as既可指人,也可指物,常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。
as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。例如:
1.He is as brave a man as ever lived.
他是世界上最勇敢的`人。
2.Don’t read such books as are not worth reading.
不要读那些不值得读的书。 as作关系代词,还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,
as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。例如:
As we all know,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.
三、than既可指人,也可指物,可作关系代词来引导定语从句。than前通常有表比较的词。例如:Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。
四、在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时,还要注意区分下列两个词组:
1、"such...that..."表"如此……以致……"的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而"such...as..."表"像……这(那)样"的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子:
1)He is such an honest man that we respect him.
他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他。
2)He is such an honest man as we respect.
他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人。
2、"the same...that..."表同一人或物,而"the same...as..."表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子:
1)This is the same book that I lost.
这就是我丢失的那一本书。(指同一本书)
2)This is the same book as I lost.
我丢失的那一本书一模一样。(并不是原来的那一本)
定语从句中的介词提前
语从句在初中英语中的重要性主要体现在完形、阅读和写作中,因此,能否较好的掌握定语从句直接关系到你英语成绩的拔高。以下是小编收集整理的定语从句中的介词提前,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
介词提前的定语从句
1 关系代词which, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 从句可有:介词+ whichwhom 引出。如:
1) Great changes are taking place in the city which they live in .
Great changes are taking place in the city they live.
2) The film which I’m speaking of is to be shown next week.
The film I’m speaking is to be shown next week.
3. This is the teacher whom I’ve learnt a lot from.
This is the teacher I’ve learnt a lot.
4. The man whom we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.
The man whom we sent the present is a doctor of laws.
5. The situation which we had got into was very dangerous.
we had got was very dangerous.
6 The policeman whom Mr Henry is talking with is a friend of mine.
The police man
定语从句之关系副词
一 关系副词引导的定语从句
1.When 表示时间,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time, day , hour, year 等)。在从句中做时间状语。
I will always remember the day . I got the first prize I will always remember the day2. where 表示地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place, room, house, street, area等)
This is the place. My mother was born This is the room . I lived This is the village. My father worked 3 why 引导定语 从句,在从句中表示原因,做原因状语。其先行词一般为reason. I don’t know the reason she looks unhappy today.我不知道为什么她今天看上去不高兴 The reason 他为什么那样说的理由是十分清楚的。
二 当堂训练
1 用关系副词when, where 把下列每对句子连接成定语从句。
1)I’ll never forget the day. I joined the PLA on that day.
_________________________________________________.
2) Last autumn my sister went to the town. She was born there.
_____________________________________________________.
3) The days are gone. During those days we used ‘foreign oil.”
___________________________________________.
4) Li Fang lives in that street. Do you know the street?
______________________________________________________?
三 如何 判断关系代词与关系副词
1. 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句 中的谓语动词。及物动词后无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词; 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year (stay 是不及物动词)
This is the mountain village which I visited last year.(visit 是及物动词)
This is the house which I bought last year.(buy是及物动词)
This is the house where I lived last year.(live 是不及物动词)
I will always remember the days when we worked together.(work 是不及物动词)
I will always remember the days which we spent together. (spent 是及物动词)
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
It was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
2. 当堂训练:填空
1. Is this museum _______ you visited a few days ago?
2. Is this museum _____ the exhibition was held.
3. It is the school _______ the film star studied when she was young .
4 It is the school ________ I hated when I was young.
5. It is an important day ______ I’ll never foget.
6. It is an important day ______I first gave a speech in public .
7. The hotel _____ they are staying is very expensive.
8 The hotel ______ they bought is very expensive.
四当堂检测
初中定语从句例句分析
其实,定语从句并不难,快一起来学*吧!下面小编为大家带来初中定语从句例句分析,仅供参考,希望能够帮到大家。
一、 定义:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如:1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2)You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句
2、代替先行词
3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
Mr.Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
( which 在句子中做主语)
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
( which 在句子中做宾语)
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主语)
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
要了解定语从句,我们先得明白定语是啥,如果我给介绍一个人或者描述一样东西,以介绍一个人为例,如果我说是个女孩,那么你头脑中的对我介绍的人印象清晰么,应该就一女孩轮廓,但如果我说一个漂亮的,穿着红色衣服的,站在站台上的,那么你对这个人印象是不是逐渐清晰了,这里漂亮的,红色的,站在站台上的便是定语。
我们看看例子
a pretty girl
a girl in red
a girl standing in the platform
a girl who is standing in the platform is lucy
上例中打彩色部分便都是定语,定语通常是修饰名词,如果定语是一个词并且能完整表达一个意思,定语便放在被修饰词前面,否则就放后面,请观察pretty是一个词,便是放前面的,这是你也许会说,a pretty little girl,pretty 和little不是两个词,怎么就放被修饰词前面了呢,一定要注意,pretty和little都是一个并且是各自能表达完整的意思滴。
上例中彩色部分都是定语,定语可以是一个形容词(pretty),可以是介词短语(in red),也可以是分词短语(standing in the platform),也可以是一个句子(who is standing in the platform),而当定语从句是一个句子时,这个句子呢,就是定语从句。
由于定语从句是一个句子,毫无疑问滴,必定不可能是一个词,所以都是放在被修饰词的后面,我们还给这个被修饰的词起了个名字,先行词,因为修饰她的句子还在后面,她先出现的。
然后我们在说说这定语从句,在英语中呢有个规定就是一个句子中有且只能有一个谓语,就好比我们人呢只能有一个心脏。(事物是普遍联系的定语从句经典例句),那我们人啥时候可能会有两个心脏呢?对了,有宝宝的时候,男同胞貌似目前不可能哈,那么句子有个子句的时候便可以有两个谓语了,这时候我们便需要一个东西来标志其子句特征,人类呢是以大肚子,从句便以她的关系代词。我们例子中的who便是关系代词,这个关系我们也可以理解**类的脐带,将子句和母句联系到一起。所以这关系代词也是紧挨着先行词的。
所以偶们先要搞清楚啥是定语从句,啥是先行词,啥是关系代词。咱再琢磨这定语从句如何用。
1.He is a famous star.
2.Who’s that girl in red?
3.A suitcase that doesn’t have handles is useless.
4.The blue suitcase ,which doesn’t have handles,is useless.
定语从句名词性从句
英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后,系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。名词性从句,是指性质相当于名次的从句,包括宾语从句、主语从句等。名词性从句是学*英语的难点也是考查的重点。下面小编带来定语从句名词性从句,欢迎收藏!
一、名词性从句用法详解
一、概说
名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查。
二、名词性从句的一般引导词
1.连接词 that 只起连接作用,没有任何意思,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如:
I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。
That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。
2.连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可换成 if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。
He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句,不能用 if 代替 whether)
3.连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如:
That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。
When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。
4.连接副词 when, where, why, how 等,也各自有自己的意义,在从句中作状语。如:
The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。
When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。
Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。
二、作表语成分的名词性从句讲解
一、名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句, 例如:
1.The problem is how we can get the things we need.
问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)
2.The scissors are not what I need.
这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语)
3.What I told him was that I would find him a good play.
我告诉他的'是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语, that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分, 不能省略)
4.That is what I want to tell you.
那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
5.That is why she failed to pass the exam.
那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
二、在表语从句中,“That is why...”是常用句型,意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”, 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结,例如:
1. That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.
珍妮, 这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异, 说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后,用这一句来进行概括)。
2. That is why I came.
这就是我来的原因。
三、“That is why...”的形式相似结构有以下两种,
1. “That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义, 只不过从语法结构上讲, “That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句, 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样, 例如:
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。
2. “That isbecause...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语, 这也是个常用句型, 意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由, “That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果, 例如:
1)He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他没有去看电影, 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果, 第二句话说明原因)
2)He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
他以前曾看过那部电影, 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因, 第二句话说明结果)
分词短语作定语
过去分词短语作定语
分词短语做定语
现在分词短语做后置定语
过去分词短语做定语
过去分词短语做后置定语
名词短语作定语
介词短语作定语
分词短语作状语
分词短语作表语
名词作定语的句子
形容词作定语的句子
动名词作定语的句子
介宾短语作定语
主谓短语作定语
介词短语作定语例句
现在分词作表语的句子
过去分词短语作状语
分词短语
形容词短语作后置定语
有定语的句子
现在分词短语
分词短语英语
过去分词短语
形容词短语做定语
定语前置的古诗词
后置定语的句子
动宾短语做定语
现在分词短语的用法
分词做状语的句子