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1.你把你的表修好了吗? Have you got your watch repaired? 2.今天我需要做身新衣服. I need to have a new suit made today. 3.国家队明天去伦敦 Our national team will go to London tomorrow. 4.我们家的人都喜欢看电视. all my family like watching TV. 5.他坚持她必须道歉. He insisted on her apologizing. 6.你介意打开窗户么? Would you mind my opening the window?。
2.翻译几个英语短句子中1为什么越来越多的人喜欢上网聊天 why more and more people like chat on net? 2与承飞机相比,乘火车有更多的优势 By a train has more advantage than by air。
3众所周知,均衡的饮食对保持我们的身体健康有好处 as we konw, it is good to keep our health to have balance food。 4一方面,它能给我们的日常生活带来好处;另一方面,它也会引发一些严重问题 on one side, it can bring advantage to our life, on the other side, it also lead some serous problem。
5毫无疑问,学一门外语对我们的未来是重要而且有必要的 without question, it is important and necessary to our future that to learn a foreign language。
汉译英分句的翻译技巧
汉语通常强调意合,其分句之间往往只有意思的关联,而没有显见的连接词语。英语则强调形合,其句中的诸多信息需要由各种连接词连接在一起。因此,汉译英的一个重要技巧就是要把汉语分句译为逻辑严谨、连接紧密的英语长句,即做好分句之间的连接。
利用状语从句
汉译英时需理顺汉语各分句之间的逻辑关系,以下几种汉语分句通常可以转化为状语从句:其一,表示伴随状态、时间等的汉语分句,一般可通过添加when、while、as、after、before等连接词处理为时间状语从句;其二,表示原因的汉语分句,可通过添加since、as、because、for等连接词处理为原因状语从句;其三,表示结果的汉语分句,可通过添加so that或“so … that…”结构处理为结果状语从句;其四,表示让步关系的汉语分句,可通过添加though、although等连接词,译为让步状语从句;其五,表示条件、假设的汉语分句,可通过添加if、as soon as等连接词,译为条件状语从句。我们来看下面的例句。
例1:新年钟声敲响,中华大地上空爆竹声震响天宇。
参考译文:When the bell rings for the New Year, loud firecrackers are set off all over China.
注解:原文第一个分句表示时间,汉译英时可为其添加连接词when,将其译为时间状语从句,将第二个分句译为主句。
例2:九寨沟是如此美丽神奇,难怪游人都喜欢。
参考译文:The Jiuzhai Valley is so picturesque and marvelous that visitors can’t help loving it.
注解:原文后一个分句是前一个分句的结果,汉译英时可以用“so … that …”来连接两个分句,以体现其因果关系。
例3:*人讲究要孝顺老人。儿女对老人不好,就会受到社会的谴责;虐待老人,还可能去坐牢。
参考译文:Chinese value the virtue of filial piety. If anyone is harsh to his elderly parents, he will be condemned by society; if he is abusive, he will probably end up in jail.
注解:原文中的“儿女对老人不好”和“虐待老人”都表示一种假设,汉译英时可以采用if将这两个分句分别处理为条件状语从句,连接到各自的主句上。“孝顺”一般译为filial piety,表示“子女对父母的虔敬”。此外,原文中的动词“虐待”在译文中转译为形容词abusive,既简洁又地道。(关于动词的转译技巧,可参考本书第四章。)
利用定语从句
定语从句在英语中较为常见,由关系词who、whose、that、which、when、where等引导,对名词或代词起到修饰作用。在下述几种情况中,译者可尝试使用定语从句:其一,如果汉语两个分句中存在相同的名词或代词,汉译英时可将该名词或代词用作先行词,将较为次要的分句译为定语从句;其二,如果两个或多个汉语分句拥有相同的主语,可以选择一个分句作为主句,把其他分句译为定语从句连接到主句上;其三,如果汉语句子中出现“其中……”,可以尝试采用among which或among whom引导的定语从句翻译;其四,如果汉语中出现以“这”开头的分句,且“这”字概括了前文的内容,汉译英时可尝试将“这”字译为关系代词which,从而将其所在分句处理为非限制性定语从句。下面我们通过几个例句来体会。
例1:唐朝是文学艺术的黄金时期,出现了*最具才华的诗篇。
参考译文:The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art, which produced the most brilliant poetry of the country.
注解:原文第一个分句的主语为“唐朝”,第二个分句隐含的主语也为“唐朝”,因此汉译英时可为第二个分句增添关系词which,将其译为定语从句连接到主句上。
例2:八月十五晚上庆祝中秋节,这天晚上,全家人团聚在一起,点灯笼,吃月饼,赏圆月。
参考译文:The Mid-Autumn Day is celebrated on the evening of the 15th day of the 8th lunar month when families gather together to light lanterns, eat moon cakes and appreciate the round moon.
注解:原文中的“八月十五晚上”和“这天晚上”指的是同一个时间点,因此汉译英时可以将“这天晚上”用when来替代,将“这天晚上”后面的内容译为when引导的从句。此外,原文分句较多,动词密集,汉译英时可将后三个分句译为动词不定式短语,以说明“全家人团聚在一起”的目的。
利用分词结构
在英语句子中,过去分词和现在分词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分,具有动词、形容词和副词的特性。译者可尝试在以下几种情况中将汉语分句译为英语的分词结构:其一,英语中的分词结构置于句首可表示原因,汉译英时可尝试将表示原因的汉语分句译为分词结构;其二,英语的分词结构可起到解释说明的作用,汉译英时可利用分词结构翻译一些补充信息;其三,如果多个行为或情况同时发生,汉译英时可尝试将伴随发生的动作译为现在分词结构;其四,英语中的现在分词结构置于句尾可表示上文所带来的结果,因此汉译英时可尝试将表示结果的分句译为现在分词结构。需要注意的.是,要使用过去分词还是现在分词,取决于分词和其隐含主语的关系是主动还是被动,主动关系通常使用现在分词,被动关系通常使用过去分词。汉译英时,需要正确判断分句间的逻辑关系,正确选择分词结构。
例1:*面积达到960万*方公里,东西横跨62个经度,南北跨越49个纬度。
参考译文:China covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers, spanning 62 degrees of longitude and 49 degrees of latitude.
注解:原文有三个分句,其中第一个分句说明主要信息,汉译英时可将其译为主句,后两个分句可以看做是对主句的补充说明。由于“*”与“横跨”和“跨越”之间为主动关系,故可以用现在分词结构来翻译后两个分句。又由于后两个分句的动词(“横跨”和“跨越”)意义相同,故可以采用“合并同类项”方式,将后两个分句合并处理为一个现在分词结构。
例2:长江是*第一大河流,发源于青藏高原上的雪山,流经多个省市。
参考译文:The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, originating from the snowypeaks of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and running across many provinces.
注解:原文的情况与例1原文的情况相同,汉译英时可将第一个分句译为主句,后两个分句译为现在分词结构,作为对主句信息的补充说明。
例3:中秋节到了,人们会抬头看着一轮圆月,喝点酒来庆祝美好的生活,思念远方的亲人和朋友,向他们传达最美好的祝福。
参考译文:Whenever the Mid-Autumn festival sets in, people look up at the full moon, drinking wine to celebrate their happy life, or thinking of their relatives and friends far from home and extending all their best wishes to them.
注解:原文中分句多、动词多,但分析后可发现,“喝酒庆祝”“思念亲朋”“传达祝福”都是伴随“抬头看月”发生的状态,因此汉译英时可以将“抬头看月”译为主句,把其他分句译为现在分词结构,置于主句之后,表示伴随状态。此外,原文第一个分句表示时间,可将其译为when引导的时间状语从句。
利用动词不定式
在英语中,动词不定式的出现频率很高,可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语和状语等。作状语时,动词不定式多表示目的、结果、原因、方式或程度。汉译英时可尝试将一些汉语分句处理为动词不定式结构。
例:孩子出生后,欢天喜地的爸爸就会送红蛋,宣布喜讯。
参考译文:When a baby is born, the happy father will send red boiled eggs to announce the news.
注解:原文中“宣布喜讯”是“送红蛋”的目的,故汉译英时可以将第二个分句译为主句,将“宣布喜讯”译为不定式结构,连接到主句上。此外,原文第一个分句说明了时间,汉译英时可将其处理为时间状语从句。
利用介词短语
在英语介词短语中,with复合结构的用途较为广泛,可表示伴随、原因、补充说明等。With复合结构主要有以下几种:①with +名词/代词;②with +名词/代词+非谓语动词(现在分词/过去分词/不定式);③with +名词/代词+介词短语;④with +名词/代词+形容词/副词。在汉译英时,如果原文中两个分句之间有一定的逻辑关系(伴随、原因、补充说明等),且两个分句的主语不同,可尝试使用with复合结构来连接这两个分句。此外,对于汉语中表示让步关系的分句,可以考虑用despite、in spite of等词引导的介词短语来翻译。
例1:唐朝建立于618年,首都定于长安,持续了290年,历经21个皇帝。
参考译文:The Tang Dynasty was established in 618 with its capital at Chang’an; the dynasty lasted 290 years with 21 emperors.
注解:原文中第二个分句的主语“首都”与第一个分句的主语“唐朝”不同,且第二个分句可以看作第一个分句的补充说明,故可将其译为with复合结构,连接到主句上。此处的with复合结构中,at Chang’an为介词短语,表示the capital的地点。原文第四个分句也可看做是第三个分句的补充说明,故可以将第三个分句译为主句,第四个分句译为with引导的介词短语,连接到主句上。由于原文分句之间的关系非常紧密,因此其译文的两个英语长句之间可以用分号隔开。
例2:南方春秋天气候宜人,气温一般在20多摄氏度。
参考译文:In the south, spring and fall are pleasant with a usual temperature around 20℃.
注解:原文第二个分句的主语为“气温”,与第一个分句的主语不同,且第二个分句补充说明第一个分句的内容,故可以将第一个分句译为主句,第二个分句译为with复合结构,连接到主句上。此处的with复合结构中,around 20℃为介词短语,说明temperature的度数。
例3:苏州古典园林虽然面积不大,却有假山有池塘,风景优美。
参考译文:Despite its small area, the Suzhou classical gardens boast picturesque scenery with both rockeries and ponds.
注解:原文中的逻辑关系词“虽然……却……”表明第一个分句和后两个分句之间存在转折关系,而后两个分句之间又存在一定的因果关系。又因三个分句拥有共同的主语“苏州古典园林”(后两个分句隐含的主语为“苏州古典园林”),因此汉译英时可选择“苏州古典园林”作主语,将表示让步关系的分句“虽然面积不大”译为despite引导的介词短语,置于句首;将“风景优美”译为主句,并将表示原因的“有假山有池塘”译为with复合结构连接到主句上,对“风景优美”进行解释说明。
利用名词短语
有些汉语句子可以通过转换语序的方式转换为名词短语,如“人口多”可以转换为“多的人口”,“底子薄”转换为“薄的底子”等。汉译英时,译者可以尝试将部分汉语分句转换为名词短语,用于充当英语句子的主语、宾语等成分。利用名词短语有利于将更多的信息密集地阐述出来,使英语译文更简明、清晰。
例1:*地形多样,气候多样,形成了众多的风景名胜。
The morning of November 1 Lotus Hill Park, the sun bright, and we nearly 40 Shenzhen Daily English small press here excited about the arrival of the activities of small-press oath. Along the way we are very happy. After we went to the Lotus Hill, the first, and all other personnel in place, and then we started to climb the. In the mountain the way I h*e been very excited. In Up on the hilltop, we rested a bit first, and then we began to swear by. Another is a collective photo. Finally, we come down the number of batches. And then return to school. 上面就是翻译了
希望您能采纳
谢谢
记得给分咯
多谢合作
这就是Chinese english,外国人有他们自己的语言*惯的
暑假我有幸去北京观运会, I'm lucky to watch Beijing Olympics in this Summer holiday.北京非常的干净处都可以看到奥运的标志。
Beijing is so clean, we can see the signs of Olympics everywhere.我觉我印象最深的是志愿者,你甚至可以在任何地方看到他们。
他们非常的友好和热情。
Volunteers strongly impress me.You can find them everywhere. they're friendly and warm-hearted.去场馆看比赛的交通是非常方便的,最好的选择是坐地铁。
The transportation to watch games is very convienient. the best choice to take the Subway.这是一场足球的半决赛。
this is the semi-final of Football 这里座无虚* here the seats all fully occupied.这是田竞比赛。
this is the track and field competition.这是北京奥运专线的地铁。
很有中国特色。
this is the subway exclusively used for Beijing Olymipics, full of Chinese characters.这是在奥林匹克公园里的麦当劳 this is the Mcdonald in Olympic Park.是全世界最大的麦当劳,有1000多个座位 it's the biggest Mcdonald shop in the world, with more than 1000 seats.这是篮球比赛场馆。
是不能带水进入的,所以里面有许多商店 this is the basketball stadium. water is not allowed to bring in. so there're many shops inside.这是韩国队对澳大利亚队,之后是美国女篮。
许多NBA明星也到场观看。
this is the match between South Korea and Australia. the next will the American Woman basketball. Many NBA stars also come to this spot. 最后这张是一个北京奥运标志在长城上the last one is a Beijing Olympic sign on The Great Wall
...口语么。
主要是流利。
背出来太书面印象不好的。
。
(尤其是外国人,不要让他觉得你是背出来的。
)。
我可是纯手工翻译。
如果是外教尽量慢点说,让他听懂。
如果是中教,可以再啰嗦啰嗦添点难词生词,他会觉得你水*挺高~1.因为我从小就喜欢画画,尤其是喜欢看动画片,动画片给人带来欢乐,给人无限的想象力,觉得动画是一种将绘画和相结合的艺术,充满了挑战性和无限的创意。
画画让我觉得很享受,尤其是当看到简单的线条被赋予了色彩,被赋予了活力,仿佛充满了生命力,让我不得不感叹设计的神奇和有趣 i like drawing since i were young and cartoon is my f*ourite. watching cartoons can bring happyness and imagination moreover, it is a combination of painting and com*r design which is filled with challenge and creativity. Painting satisfied me with great enment especially when the simple lines become vivid under my pen. 我的父亲是一位军人,同时也是一位作曲家,曾经为,蒋大为,等歌手作过曲,在移动公司上班,是公司宣传队的舞蹈演员,可以说,我出生在一个艺术之家i was born in a family of art. my father is a soldier as well as a composer who has composed for some famous singer such as zhangye, manwenjun and jiangdawei. although my mother worked in the china mobile company, she is a dancer.3。
我认为XX大学有着悠久的人文历史和良好的学术氛围,在这里深造一直是,并且一直为之奋斗,相信在这里,我可以提高自己的综合素质,并且不断开阔自己的眼界 Further more,我非常热爱我的专业,相信在这一领域继续学*,研究,是一件非常快乐的事情 it has always been a dream for me to study here since its long history and great academic atmosphere. I believe studying at here will enable me to expand my view and develop myself.4 。
来复试的每个同学都很优秀,每个人都有自己的特点everyone around me is excellent, they all has their own advantage.如果没考上会怎样
有的是
。
。
With the understanding of hospital operations and a very large amount of information, from the characteristics of the hospital cost accounting, principles, methods, etc. to conduct in-depth study, recognizing the need for cost accounting, and has its own peculiarities, if the measures are effective, the system perfect, personnel departments will be able to stimulate active participation in the cost accounting and management initiative to achieve greater benefits. And on the current cost accounting in hospitals during the existence of some problemsIncluding the quality of personnel needs to be improved, the fixed management tools can not be used effectively to manage cost-sharing is not enough science, focusing on the cost of neglect of tangible intangible costs, attach importance to underestimate revenue management, focusing on capital investment management effectiveness neglected, over-emphasis on the social benefits of economic neglect. Pinpoint the problems and propose appropriate solutions, including the establishment of cost accounting of staff certificates and training system, enrich the means of introducing a fixed cost control, management, medical cost accounting management should follow the law of value, cost accounting should be combined with the total quality management and control changes cost is the key to cost accounting and so on.
。
。
Fight against corruption and the government of every country at any time attached great importance to the problem is related to political power and national survival of a serious political struggle. Currently, the leading cadres and office workers for personal gains, corruption, bribery and other disciplinary cases have occurred; some government and law enforcement personnel failed to observe a denial of justice, corruption of the new problems still exist. Gradually establish a sound and effective legal system clean, the socialist modernization drive in China has a special practical significance and far-reaching historical significance. Constantly improve the legal system by not only effectively combat all forms of corruption and corrupt elements, play a role in preventing corruption phenomenon and improve the party's ability to govern. Therefore, the fight against corruption and the inseparable relationship between the legal system
1.We feel very proud that our new products are very popular.2.Would you please speak loudly, so that everyone can hear you?3.You'd better learn a second foreign language besides English.4.In respect of child education, to praise is better that to criticize.5.Everybody knows, Learning is significant to one's growth.
(中译英)
凯西
In my opinion, the foreign learners should be praised by teachers for their making progress This school was supplied with money from governmentPeking University is famous for its education
中考英语必考重点句型汉译英
今天为大家总结了中考英语必考重点句型汉译英,这些句型都是*常我们在课本中学*的重要句型,大大小小的.考试中经常出现的,也是中考经常出现的,希望对大家有所帮助!
1.I as soon as
我一到那就给你打电话。
I’ll call you as soon as I arrive/ get to/ reach there。
我刚旅行回来就见到了爷爷。
I saw grandpa as soon as I came back from the trip。
他一到家就开始下雨了。
As soon as he got home, it began to rain。
2.as…as
李*做作业不如Lucy细心,所以她老犯同样的错误。
Li Ping doesn’t do homework as carefully as Lucy, so she always makes/ keeps making the same mistake。
我和他一样高。
Ii am as tall as him。
他跑得不如你快。
He doesn’t run as quickly as you。
3.as…as possible
我会尽快给你打电话。
I will call you as soon as possible。
请尽早起床。
Please get up as early as possible。
学英语的最好方法是尽可能多听,多说。
The best way to learn English well is to listen and speak as much as possible。
4.ask sb. for sth.
你可以向那边的警察求助。
You can ask the policeman for help。
无论她要什么,父母都会为她找到。
No matter what she asks for, her parents will try to get it。
他从不向父母要零花钱,是吗?
He never asks pocket money from his parents, does he?
5.ask/tell sb。 (not)/ (how) to do sth。
我父亲经常问我如何使用电脑。
My father often asks me how to use the com*r。
我妈妈让我不要太早去学校。
6.My mother asked me not to go to school early。
我们可以向物理老师问如何做这个实验。(experiment)
we can ask our physics teacher how to do the experiment。
7.be afraid of doing/that
小女孩害怕独自在家。
The little girl is afraid of staying at home alone。
她害怕和陌生人说话。588.es
She is afraid of talking to strangers。
恐怕今天她来不了。
I’m afraid that she can’t come today。
8.be busy doing sth。
学生们正忙着准备期末考试。
The students are busy preparing for the final exam。
他每天忙于做化学题而不读英语,所以英语学得不好。
He’s busy doing the chemistry exercises instead of English, so he doesn’t learn English well。
我国体育健儿正忙于备战2008年北京奥运会。
The Chinese players are busy getting ready for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games。
英汉翻译技巧精选
想要在考试中获得高分,掌握技巧很重要,它不仅能提高我们的做题速度,也能提高我们的学*能力。下面小编为大家带来英汉翻译技巧,谢谢您的阅读,祝您阅读愉快。
一、重复法
(一)名词的重复
A. 名词作宾语时的重复
1. I must do my best to develop the students’ ability to ***yze and solve problems.
2. We should inspect and oil the machines before work.
3. Can you tell the chemical and physical characteristics about this substance?
B. 名词作先行词的重复
1. Days and nights are very long on the moon, where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.
2. A synthetic material equal to that alloy in strength has been created, which is very useful in industry.
(二)动词的重复
1. Refrigerators, freezers and air-conditioners must obey not only the first law (energy conservation) but the second law as well.
2. The conflict spread everywhere, into little villages, as well as the cities.
(三)代词的重复
A. 人称代词的重复
1. There is air around us although we cannot see it.
2. She works extremely hard though still rather poor in health.
3. He hated failure; he had conquered it all this life, risen above it, and despised it in others.
B. 代词that (或those)的重复
1. Einstein first considered that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light.
2. Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French.
C. 物主代词的重复
1. The conductor has its properties, and the insulator has its own.
2. Medium waves have their uses, short waves have their uses.
D. Whoever, whichever等词的重复
1. Give the book to whoever wants to buy it.
2. You may solve the question in whichever way you know well.
(四)译成汉语的叠字
1. The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women, who were selling and buying all kinds of things.
2. Walking up and down the empty room, he stopped here and there to touch or look.
3. She hoped she had mixed enough fact and fiction in her story to mislead him.
4. They read the afternoon through, while the cold November rain fell from the sky upon the quiet house.
二、省略法
(一)冠词的省略
1. In a word China is a developing country. It needs time to have further development.
2. Laser can be used as a surgical instrument since the beam can cut through tissue in an instant.
(二)代词的省略
1. Friction always manifests itself as a force that opposes motion.
2. We should concern ourselves here only with the sentence patterns.
3. It is better to do well than to say well.
(三)介词的省略
1. The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.
2. Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.
3. The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.
4. She said, with perfect truth, that “it must be delightful to have a brother,” and easily got the pity of tender-hearted Amelia, for being alone in the world, an orphan without friends and kindred.
(四)连词的省略
1. Some bacteria are extremely harmful but others are helpful.
2. Because heat does not take up any room and it does not weigh anything, it is not a material.
3. The sun is bright, and the sky is clear.
三、正反、反正表达法
break into的汉语翻译是什么
英语break into的用法是很重要的,我们理应要知道它正确的汉语翻译形式。百分网小编为大家精心准备了短语break into详细的汉语翻译,欢迎大家前来阅读。
break into的汉语翻译
英 [breik ntu] 美 [brek ntu]
break into 基本解释
闯入; 打断; 突然做; 把…分成
情景对话
换现金、零钱
A:Excuse me. Could you please break this five into some coins for me? I want to make a call.
对不起,打扰一下。您能帮我把这张五元钱换成零钱吗?我想要打个电话。
B:Sure. What would you like?
可以。您想要怎么换?
A:How about two dollars in quarters and the rest in dimes and nickels?
二十五美分的换两元,其余的换成十美分和五美分的。
B:Let me see. Good, I happen to have enough. There you go.
让我看看,也许…还行,我正巧有这些硬币。给你。
A:It's so kind of you.
非常感谢。
B:Not at all.
不客气。
break into的单语例句
1. It was not until Xavi threaded a clever through ball into Ronaldinho's path three minutes before the break that they broke down the Valladolid defence.
2. The prospect of having a baby is enough to make many people break out into a cold sweat.
3. Swede Zlatan Ibrahimovic equalized for Barca showing good chest control before volleying into the corner three minutes after the break.
4. When the crowd tried to break into a Mizuno sportswear shop, riot police rushed in and put the situation under control.
5. The class would then break into an uproar of laughter before correcting him, saying they are made out of rubber.
6. " The new league can break the existing FIFA structure and bring disarray into it, " Blatter said.
7. Break the young stems into sections and discard any tough old stalks.
8. Witnesses said a group of protesters tried to break into his private home but were dispersed by police tear gas.
9. Sun kicked up his shoes and tried to break into the field after being shown a red card while playing against Coventry on September 18.
break into的双语例句
1. I want you to break into the hold and steal the schedule.
我想让你闯入要塞,把记录表偷出来。
2. Bobai is characterized by water spinach planted paddy fields, dense leaf stem length, leaf tail taper, 鲜绿crisp, the stem pick into a paragraph break, the fracture that split kink, with a sharp knife could not cut the stem I ping.
博白蕹菜的特点是水田栽植,茎长叶密,叶尾尖细,鲜绿脆嫩,把茎蔓摘断成段,其断口即裂开卷缩,用锋利的刀也无法将茎口切*。
3. Breaking the chains of one's karma requires great energy similar to the thrust needed by a rocket to break the pull of Earth's gravity and to be launched into outer space.
要打开宿业的枷锁需要极大的力量,这就如火箭冲离地心吸引力到这太空所需要的强大喷射力一般。
4. If I were to stumble into the kitchen in the morning and break my pot, I would probably be reduced to tears.
如果我要蹒跚到厨房在上午和打破我的锅,我可能会减少到流泪了。
5. When blockage occurs, a procedure (usually lithotripsy, which uses a surgical instrument or shock waves) is required to break it into small enough fragments to pass through the thin ureter.
当发生阻塞的`时候,需要采取行动,将矿物晶体粉碎成足够小的碎块,以便通过纤细的输尿管。所采取的行动通常为碎石术——利用外科设备或冲击波来粉碎结石。
break into的造句
1.The thieves planned to break into a bank.
行窃者计划洗劫银行。
2.Social duties break into my time.
社交应酬占据了我的时间。
3The sunlight will break into different colors through a prism.
阳光穿过棱镜时将分解成各种颜色。
4.As the President's car arrived, the crowd broke into loud applause.
总统的汽车到达时,群众中爆发出热烈的掌声。
5.I can't pay the 50p I owe you without breaking into a 5 note.
分析英汉被动句的语用特征及翻译策略
被动语态,即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。在英语中,如果想要避免用含混不清的词做主语,也可以用被动语态,下面小编整理的分析英汉被动句的语用特征及翻译策略,欢迎阅读收藏。
分析英汉被动句的语用特征及翻译策略
一、英汉被动结构 英汉语言分属于印欧语系和汉藏语系,在被动句的使用和表达上有着显着的差异。首先,在使用范围上,西方人强调理性认知,其表达中常出现被动结构;而汉语表达多以人或其他有生命的实体为主,偏重感性认识,因此被动结构的使用较少。其次,在表达方式上,英语重形合,结构紧凑严密,而汉语重意合,结构简练
明快,两者被动结构常呈现不同特征。
(一)、英语被动结构
1.施事原因
在英语中,如果不知道或者没必要指出动作的执行者时,或者动作的承受者是信息的中心,需要突出或强调其地位时,常使用被动句。
例1:Smoking is not allowed here.
2.句法要求
英语重形合,注重句法结构和表达形式。在不方便说出动作的执行者,或者使行文通顺流畅、意思连贯,常使用被动句。
例2:He was accused of murder.
例3:We are going to build an office building here. It is going to be built right beside the stadium.(为了句子的衔接,使用了被动句)
3.文体需要
科技文体、新闻文体、论述文体中较多使用被动句,以使表达更加客观公正。
例4:It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts.
(二)、汉语被动结构
1.表达*惯的限制
按照汉语的*惯,若句中无须指出施事者,主动意义与被动意义又不致发生混淆,一般不用被动结构。
例1:工作已经做完了。(不说“工作已经被做完了”)
2.汉语结构特征的影响
汉语重达意,当不需要或不可能说出施事者时,汉语可以采用无主句或主语省略句来保持句子的主动形式。
例2:过马路时,注意来往车辆。
3.汉语主动被动结构的灵活转换
在汉语被动表达中,可以省略表达被动的形式标志“被”字,这就使汉语在主动被动结构的转换上非常灵活。
例3:心理健康教育和思想政治教育应列为大学生必修科目。(表达中并未出现“被”字,但却不影响被动意义的表达)
4.汉语被动结构的灵活表达
汉语中表达被动含义的标志词也不只一个“被”字。汉语的“为”“受”“让”或短语结构,也可表达被动。
例4:茅屋为秋风所破歌。
例5:这种现象必须予以处理。
二、英汉被动结构翻译策略
(一)、英汉被动结构的正确认识
首先,我们必须认识到,尽管英汉两种语言中在被动结构的使用和表达上存在差异,但两种语言都有被动语态。我们在进行动结构的翻译时,并不是旨在保留或去除被动表达,只是为了翻译时表达的通顺流畅和规范准确。
其次,被动结构本身并没有什么意义,英文被动句照样可以转换成中文被动句。只要汉语有这中表达,而且用在此情况下也恰到好处,为何不用。换句话说,被动结构本身并没有什么大的文章可作。例如,“The man was beaten yesterday.”就可以还原成汉语的被动结构“昨天那人被打了”。
译者更应注意的倒是英汉两种语言在使用被动结构方面的差异。在很多情况下,我们需要做出更好的选择,是转换成主动,还是仍用被动。
(二)、英汉被动结构的翻译技巧
1.译成汉语的被动句
(1)、有些英语被动句可直接译成汉语的被动结构,常使用汉语中表示被动的词语“被”、“由”、“让”、“为……所”、“予以”等。
例1:The application of nuclear energy should be controlled.
译文:核能的应用应该予以控制。
(2)、寓被动意义于主动形式是汉语长期形成的表达*惯。在汉译一些不带动作执行者的英文被动句时,常将原来被动句的主语用作译句的主语,译成形式主动意义被动的句子。
例2:The project must be finished before next month.
译文:这项工程必须在月底前竣工。
2.译成汉语的主动句
在很多情况下,汉语可以用主动形式表达被动意义,这样,一些英语被动句按照汉语表达*惯常翻译成主动句。
(1)、在将英语翻译成汉语时,主语结构不变,谓语动词用主动形式表示。
例3:The quality of the new product has been greatly improved.
译文:新产品的质量有了很大的提高。
(2)、在译文中添加“人们”、“我们”、“大家”等主语,化被动为主动。
例4:More and more attention has been paid to the environment protection these years.
译文:*年来,人们越来越关注环保了。
英汉语言翻译的比较
导语:翻译涉及到两种语言的转换,涉及到两种语言在表达某一文本的同一个内容时的各种表达方式。这些表达方式,有的是相似的,有的是有差别的。下面本文将从词汇、句子结构、篇章及文化四个方面对英汉两种语言差异进行对比分析。下面是小编精心整理的英汉语言翻译的比较,希望对你有帮助!
一、英汉词汇对比与翻译
英国翻译理论家Newmark曾说:“文本翻译的大多数工作都是在词汇层面上完成的”。许多学*者在翻译时逐字逐句地把汉语翻译成对应的英语,从而导致“*式英语”现象的频繁发生,其根本原因是受到了汉语的干扰。英汉词汇可以从以下几个角度进行对比:
(一)词义比较
1.词的多义性
英语词义比较灵活,词的涵义范围比较广,词义对上下文的依赖性较大,而汉语词义比较严谨,凝滞,词的含义范围比较窄,词的意义比起英语词义对上下文的依赖性比较少。 英语一向被认为是一种适应性、可塑性较强的语言。Eric Partridge: Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words.(词本无义,义随人意。)英语词义灵活,突出地表现为一词多义。例如:“story”这个词,汉语的词义是“故事”,但在英语中,在不同的上下文中却有不同的词义。如:
2.抽象与具体
英语表达中常使用抽象名词,这类名次涵义抽象笼统,往往给人以一种“虚、暗、曲、隐”的感觉。而汉语用语倾向于具体,常常以实的形式表达虚的概念,以具体的形象表达抽象的内容,并给人以一种“实、明、直、显”的感觉。
3.静态与动态
英语常用静态词汇,具体体现在较多的适用名词和形容词。而汉语则多使用动态词汇。 如:He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 他能吃又能睡。
4.构词法
(1)英语主要构词法有派生、转化和合成三种,汉语主要有派生、转化、合成、重叠四种。
(2)英语派生可用于名词、动词、形容词等,汉语派生只用于名词。
(3)重叠是汉语主要构词法之一,英语则无重叠法。
(二)词语搭配比较
英汉两种语言在长期使用中形成了各自的固定词组和搭配用法,翻译时不能把汉语词语的搭配用法生搬硬套到英语译文中。例如:“看报纸”的看应该翻译成“read”而不是“watch,look”,又如汉语的“开”通常翻译为“open”,但“开”同时有很多含义,如:开灯(turn on the light)开饭店(run a restaurant)开会(hold a meeting)开账户(open a bank account)。因此,在学*过程中应注意在语境中把握词汇的含义及用法,将固定搭配和*惯用法作为词块来整体记忆,这样可以避免“*式英语”的出现。
(三)词序比较
词序又称语序,就是句子中各个词或成分的排列词序。一句英语译成汉语时,有时词序相同,有时则必须改变。这是因为英汉两种语言的表达方式和*惯不同。决定词序的因素主要有:语法因素、修辞因素、惯用法。汉语的词形变化少,同一词在句中的语法作用主要凭词序来决定。如:我们到学校去乘公交与我们乘公交到学校去。因为词序变了,句子的含义就不同。英汉词序在时间、地点和定语的位置上存在明显差异。英语的词序由*及远,反映出偏重个体的思维特点,而汉语则相反。这种特点还反映在中心词的位置上。英语的中心词一般前置,汉语中心词一般后置。
如:We study English hard in the classroom every day. 我们天天在教室里认真学*英语。
二、英汉句子结构对比与翻译
(一)形合与意合
所谓“形合”就是主要靠语言本身语法手段,强调结构的完整性和形态的严谨性;所谓“意合”主要靠句子内部逻辑联系,强调内容和表意的完整性。英语重形合,结构紧凑严密,并列句要有并列连词连接、主从句要有从属连词等,介词或介词短语也是连接词语的重要手段。而汉语重意合,结构简练明快,常常不用或省略介词。
如:The monks may run away, but the temple cannot run away with him.
跑得了和尚,跑不了庙。 彩虹有许多颜色,(从)外圈红(到)内圈紫。(英语句中有五个介词,汉语中翻译则可以省略或不用介词)
(二)物称与人称
英语较常用物称主语,表达客观事物如何作用于人的感知,让事物以客观的口气呈现出来。汉语则注重主体思维,往往从自我出发来叙述客观事物或倾向于描述人及其行为或状态,汉语也常常隐含人称或省略人称。
如:An idea suddenly struck me! 我突然想到了一个主意。
(三)被动与主动
句子中有一个主语,有一个及物动词充当的位于,就可能会有主动和被动两种表达式。主动或被动是一个语法范畴,称为语态。英语被动语态用得较多,而汉语被动语态用得少。这是由于*人的思维中“事在人为”,表达时常以人作主语,或用泛称如:人们、有人等作主语,也常把时间或地点置句首,采用无主句的形式。英语中的被动在英译汉中往往译成了主动。
如:Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 必须保证每天8小时的睡眠。
We haven’t been told about it. 没有人通知我们这件事。
This is one of those questions that don’t need answering. 这是一个不需要回答的问题。(及物动词“need”后接动名词常表达被动的含义,“answering=to be answered”,为符合汉语表达*惯,常译为主动)
三、英汉语篇衔接对比与翻译
(一)语篇衔接手段
英汉语篇衔接手段上的差异主要体现在语法衔接上,包括照应、替代、省略和连接。英语行文要求避免重复,所以使用人称代词的频率远高于汉语,而汉语则*惯于实称。英汉两种语言最显著的差异是英语用代词时,汉语经常重复名词。
(二)段落结构
英语中每个段落必须集中一个内容,一个段落通常有一个主题句概括段落的中心思想,而段落中的具体细节都与主题有关,语篇结构有比较规整和固定的模式,一般模式是:主题句+支持句1、2、3…。在汉语中,多数段落采用归纳式的方法展开,把论点放在段落的结尾。
(三)篇章展开模式
英语的篇章展开一般是先综合后分析,从一般到特殊,语句之间连接呈显性,篇章展开分析注意形式和结构严谨规范、层次分明。而汉语篇章展开的方法则有所不同,文章的焦点和中心的位置不固定,呈流动性。英语的段落可以说是缩短了的篇章,而汉语的段落只是文章的.一个组成部分。
四、思维文化对比与翻译
(一)思维差异
思维模式的差异是造成语言形式差异的重要原因。*主张“天人合一”、“和谐”,重个人感受和“心领神会”、心理时空和时间顺序,反映在语言上就是重意合。西方则主张“人物分立”,重形式论证,崇尚个体思维,并认为整体只有在个体对立中才能存在,反映在语言上就是重形合。英语造字构词的方式正好反映出西方思维模式侧重个体性的特点,以动物名称为例,如:fox(狐),lion(狮)等动物都是独立命名。而汉语中带偏旁“犭”的字,多数指动物。英语构词法以词缀为主,而汉语的构词方式一般先确定总体类别再进行个体区别。
(二)文化差异
每个民族都有自己的文化。这种文化是在特定自然环境、历史条件、地理位置和社会现实中形成的,因此具有特殊性。文化与语言相辅相成。
1.文化背景不同
*自古以农立国,农业人口多,用语不少是农谚。
如:众人拾柴火焰高 Many hands make light work.
对牛弹琴 cast pearls before swine
西方人喜欢航海,用语不少源于航海事业。
如:Still waters run deep. 静水流深。
1、千万个思念,在空气中凝固。扬起风吹向你,带着我的祝福,寂寞我不在乎,你快乐我就满足,想你是我的幸福.
thousand of time i h*e thought of you .my heart is going high intothe air and flying with my blessing towards you i don't care loneliness. i am satisfied when you are happy and i am happy when ithink of you!
2、不同的时间,不同的地点,不同的人群,相同的只有你和我;时间在变,空间在变,不变的只有对你无限的思念!
you and i remains the same in different time, at differentplaces,among different people; time is changing, space is changingand everything is changing except my miss to you!
3、我在忧愁时想你,就像在冬天想太阳;我在快乐时想你,就像在骄阳下想树阴。
i miss you when i am depressed, just as i miss the sunlight in winter; i miss you when i feel happy, just as i miss the shade inthe hot sun.
4、一份不渝的友谊,执着千万个祝福,给我想念的朋友,温馨的问候。
for our ever-lasting friendship, send sincere blessings and warmgreetings to my friends whom i miss so much.
5、我不要短暂的温存,只要你一世的陪伴。
i prefer h*ing your accompanying for life-long time to the short-time tenderness.
6、曾经迷惘的心中,是你牵引我走出寂寞。
it's you that led me out of the loneliness when i was lost in my mind.
7、好想,好想你!如果清风有情,请带去我对你的思念,这一生都为你牵挂;如果白云有意,请带去我对你的爱恋,生生世世都愿和你共缠绵!
oh, how much i miss you! if the passionate refreshing breeze knows my heart, it can tell you that i miss you and care you for mylifes time. if graceful white cloud knows my heart, it can tellyou i love you and would be together with you forever.
8、你在时你是一切,你不在时一切是你!
you are everything when you are with me, and everything is you when you are not.
9、我想将对你的感情化作暖暖的阳光,期待那洒落的光明能温暖你的心房。
i want that my love to you will turn into bright sunlight so thatto warm your heart.
10、长长的思念,就像风筝断了线,飘啊飘啊,飘到你的身边。
i miss you so dee* that my love just like a kite has broken its line and won't stop flying until it reaches you at last.
11、你可知我百年的孤寂只为你一人守侯,千夜的恋歌只为你一人而唱。
you know my loneliness is only kept for you, my sweet songs areonly sung for you.
12、如果活着,是上帝赋予我最大的使命,那么活者有你,将会是上帝赋予我使命的恩赐。
if living on the earth is a mission from the lord… living with youis the award of the lord
13、正是因为爱才悄悄的躲开,躲开的是身影,躲不开的是默默的情怀;今天我终于鼓起勇气,向你表达我的爱。
because of loving you so much that i stood aside. although myfigure left you away, my heart didn't. today i h*e made up my mindto say “i love you.
14、在这充满温馨的季节里,给你我真挚的祝福及深深的思念。
in such a soft and warm season, please accept my sincere blessing and deep concern for you.
15、我要幸福的昏倒了!
i am too happy to stand faint!
16、你知道思念一个人的滋味吗,就像喝了一大杯冰水,然后用很长很长的时间流成热泪。
do you understand the feeling of missing someone? it is just like that you will spend a long hard time to turn the ice-cold water you h*e drunk into tears.
17、在这快乐分享的时刻,思念好友的时刻,美梦成真的时刻,祝你—新年快乐,佳节如意!
wish you a happy new year and a good fortune in the coming year when we will share our happiness, think of our good friends, andour dreams come true!
18、只要你愿意,当你失落失意的时候,最需要一个肩膀的时候,告诉我,我会立即出现。
as long as you are willing, please let me know what i can do foryou. when you are unhappy and want to cry on somebodys shoulder, i will stand before you immediately.
19、难道你怕一个深爱着你的痴情儿?
do you fear a love fool who is loving you so dee*?
20、我想将对你的思念寄予散落的星子,但愿那点点的星光能照进你的窗前,伴你好梦。
i send my miss to the scattering stars and wish you a sweet dream under the light shedding through your window.
21、心要让你听见,爱要让你看见,不怕承认对你有多眷恋;想你的时候,盼你能收到我的真情留言!
listening to my heart beating. seeing how much i love you ,i dareto admit how much i love you .when thinking of you, i hope you canreceive the passionat words i left for you!
22、在你抑郁的时候,我就是你的开心果。在你忧伤的时候,我愿作你的忘忧树!
i will make you happy when you are depressed. i will make you delighted when you are in great sorrow!
23. when the words "i love you" were said by you for the first time, my world blossoms.第一次 听到你对我说"我爱你",我的世界一瞬间鲜花绽开。
24. love is like the moon, when it does not increase, it decreases.爱情就像月亮,不增则减。
25. the soul cannot live without love.灵魂不能没有爱而存在。
26. brief is life, but love is long.生命虽短,爱却绵长。
27. who tr*els for love finds a thousand miles not longer than one.在爱人眼里,一千里的旅程不过一里。
28. love keeps the cold out better than a cloak.爱比大衣更能驱走寒冷。
29. take away love, and our earth is a tomb.没有了爱,地球便成了坟墓。
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